Spectral opponency in photoreceptors : neuroethological analysis

• Project/Area Number: 18H05273
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Review Section: Broad Section G
• Research Institution: The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
• Principal Investigator: 蟻川 謙太郎 総合研究大学院大学, 統合進化科学研究センター, 教授 (20167232)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 松下 敦子 総合研究大学院大学, 先導科学研究科, 講師 (50450416) ; 木下 充代 総合研究大学院大学, 先導科学研究科, 准教授 (80381664)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-06-11 – 2023-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥200,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥154,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥46,200,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥22,490,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,190,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥18,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,380,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥20,020,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,620,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥19,370,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,470,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥119,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥91,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥27,540,000)
• Keywords: 昆虫 / 色覚 / 視細胞 / 視葉板 / 波長対比性

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

私たちは、昆虫の色覚神経機構と進化に関する研究の一環として、視葉板における視細胞間シナプスに着目している。視細胞間シナプスは抑制性で、アゲハで我々が発見したものである。優れた色覚をもつアゲハは色覚研究のモデル種で、複眼には分光感度の違う６種の視細胞がある。視細胞が抑制し合うと何が起こり、 二次ニューロンLMCには何が伝達されるのか？このシナプスはハエの視葉板にはない。ハエでは視葉板に入る視細胞の分光感度がみな同じで、視葉板と色覚の関係が薄いためと考えられる。本研究では、アゲハの視細胞間シナプスは色覚神経機構の重要な要素と考え、視葉板における波長情報処理の機構を詳しく調べている。アゲハについては、１）視細胞の波長対比性、２）LMCにおける波長情報処理、また色覚の進化を解明するために、３）視葉板回路の比較研究も進めている。
１）については2019年、８種の波長対比性の反応を記載した論文を出版した。2021年度はアゲハ視細胞とLMCのシナプス結合を網羅的に解明したコネクトームの結果を詳細に解析し、独立の論文として出版した。２）では、LMCの分光感度と形態の関係を解析した。コネクトームではLMCに形態の異なる５種を同定したが、分光感度は細胞形態との関係は無く、むしろ入力視細胞の分光感度を規定する“個眼タイプ”との関係が深いことが分かった。また、動き知覚ニューロンの波長感受性が、行動実験とよく合致することを突き止め、論文としてまとめた。３）では、モンシロチョウとミツバチの視葉板連続電顕画像の解析に着手した。すでにアゲハとの顕著な差が見つかっており、進化学的にも興味深い。比較研究の一環として、２種のヒョウモンチョウで、視細胞分光感度の性差を検証した。いずれもオスでより多様な視細胞が認められた。生理光学実験の結果と併せて論文を出版した。

Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

本年度は、１００％のエフォートで参画する博士研究員２名とともに進めた。１名は動き感受性ニューロンの波長感受性の解析、もう１名はLMCの分光感度解析に従事した。動き感受性ニューロンの波長感受性についてはすでに論文を出版することができた。ＬＭＣの分光感度解析については論文を執筆中で、いずれも当初の期待を上回る進捗があった。解剖学的知見については、アゲハ視葉板コネクトームの論文として公表した。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

本研究で推進する研究項目は、１）視細胞波長対比性、２）LMCにおける波長情報処理、３）視葉板カートリッジ構造の多様性である。１）と２）については電気生理と遺伝子編集の方法で実験を進めてきたが、CRISPR-Cas9法でチャネルをノックアウトしたアゲハの系統を確立する試みはいずれもF2に到達することなく死滅する事態に直面した。慎重に検討した結果、本研究で対象にしている遺伝子については、仮に系統が確立されてもその維持は不可能と判断した。そこで、研究の主力を電気生理学実験に移し、LMC分光感度と、動き感受性ニューロンの波長感受性の詳細な解析を行う方向に転換する。いずれも全く新しい知見の創出につながると期待される。３)ではこれまでにSBF-SEMで得た視葉板画像データの解析を進める。一方、本研究の期間内にあと３種ほどから視葉板の解剖データを集め、必要に応じて部分的な解析を行って、研究目的の達成をはかる。

Assessment Rating

Interim Assessment Comments (Rating)

A: In light of the aim of introducing the research area into the research categories, the expected progress has been made in research.

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] リュブリャナ大学(スロベニア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ヴィルツブルグ大学(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] クイーンズランド大学(オーストラリア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ヴィルツブルグ大学(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] フロニンゲン大学(オランダ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] リュブリャナ大学(スロベニア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ルンド大学(スウェーデン)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Ljubljana(スロベニア)
• [Int'l Joint Research] IISER Trivandram(インド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] New York University/University of Maryland Baltimore County/University of Cincinnati(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Wuerzburg(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Oulu(フィンランド)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Ljubljana(スロベニア)
• [Journal Article] Connectome of the lamina reveals the circuit for early color processing in the visual pathway of a butterfly (2022)
  • Author(s): Matsushita Atsuko, Stewart Finlay, Ilic Marko, Chen Pei-Ju, Wakita Daiki, Miyazaki Naoyuki, Murata Kazuyoshi, Kinoshita Michiyo, Belusic Gregor, Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: Current Biology Volume: 32 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.066
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Motion-sensitive neurons activated by chromatic contrast in a butterfly visual system (2022)
  • Author(s): Cechetto Clement, Arikawa Kentaro, Kinoshita Michiyo
  • Journal Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Volume: －
• [Journal Article] Simple and complex, sexually dimorphic retinal mosaic of fritillary butterflies (2022)
  • Author(s): Ilic Marko, Chen Pei-Ju, Pirih Primoz, Meglic Andrej, Prevc Jost, Yago Masaya, Belusic Gregor, Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Volume: －
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Foraging Small White Butterflies, Pieris rapae, Search Flowers Using Color Vision (2021)
  • Author(s): Arikawa Kentaro、Nakatani Yoshihiro、Koshitaka Hisaharu、Kinoshita Michiyo
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Volume: 9 Pages: 1-10
  • DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.650069
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Evolution of Insect Color Vision: From Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology (2021)
  • Author(s): van der Kooi Casper J.、Stavenga Doekele G.、Arikawa Kentaro、Belusic Gregor、Kelber Almut
  • Journal Title: Annual Review of Entomology Volume: 66 Pages: 435-461
  • DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-061720-071644
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Two chiral types of randomly rotated ommatidia are distributed across the retina of the flathead oak borer Coraebus undatus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (2020)
  • Author(s): Meglic Andrej、Ilic Marko、Quero Carmen、Arikawa Kentaro、Belusic Gregor
  • Journal Title: The Journal of Experimental Biology Volume: 223 Pages: 1-8
  • DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225920
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Coloration principles of the Great purple emperor butterfly (Sasakia charonda) (2020)
  • Author(s): Stavenga Doekele G.、Leertouwer Hein L.、Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: Zoological Letters Volume: 6 Pages: 13-13
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40851-020-00164-6
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The red admiral butterfly’s living light sensors and signals (2020)
  • Author(s): Pirih Primoz、Meglic Andrej、Stavenga Doekele、Arikawa Kentaro、Belusic Gregor
  • Journal Title: Faraday Discussions Volume: 223 Pages: 81-97
  • DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00075b
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Spectral organization of the compound eye of a migrating nymphalid, the chestnut tiger butterfly Parantica sita (2020)
  • Author(s): Nagloo Nicolas、Kinoshita Michiyo、Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: The Journal of Experimental Biology Volume: 223 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217703
  • NAID: 120006786193
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Photoreceptor projection from a four‐tiered retina to four distinct regions of the first optic ganglion in a jumping spider (2019)
  • Author(s): Nagata Takashi、Arikawa Kentaro、Kinoshita Michiyo
  • Journal Title: Journal of Comparative Neurology Volume: 527 Pages: 1348-1361
  • DOI: 10.1002/cne.24584
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Compound eyes of the small white butterfly Pieris rapae have three distinct classes of red photoreceptors (2019)
  • Author(s): Blake AJ, Pirih P, Qiu X, Arikawa K, Gries G (2019)
  • Journal Title: Journal of Comparative Physiology A Volume: 205 Pages: 553-565
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01330-8
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Spectral tuning mediated by helix III in butterfly long wavelength-sensitive visual opsins revealed by heterologous action spectroscopy. (2019)
  • Author(s): Saito T, Koyanagi M, Sugihara T, Nagata T, Arikawa K, Terakita A
  • Journal Title: Zoological Letters Volume: 5 Pages: 1-11
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0150-2
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Chromatic information processing in the first optic ganglion of the butterfly Papilio xuthus. (2019)
  • Author(s): Chen, P.-J., Belusic, G., Arikawa, K. (2019).
  • Journal Title: Journal of Comparative Physiology A Volume: 206 Pages: 199-216
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01390-w
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Monopolatic motion vision in the butterfly Papilio xuthus (2019)
  • Author(s): Finlay J Stewart, Michiyo Kinoshita, Kentaro Arikawa
  • Journal Title: The Journal of Experimental Biology Volume: 222
  • DOI: 10.1242/jeb.191957
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Immunolocalization suggests a role of the histamine-gated chloride channel PxHCLB in spectral opponent processing in butterfly photoreceptors (2019)
  • Author(s): Chen Pei-Ju、Matsushita Atsuko、Wakakuwa Motohiro、Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: Journal of Comparative Neurology Volume: 527 Pages: 753-766
  • DOI: 10.1002/cne.24558
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 昆虫色覚研究の歴史とこれから (2019)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎
  • Journal Title: 日本色彩学会誌 Volume: 43 Pages: 215-218
• [Journal Article] Non-linear amplification of graded voltage signals in the first-order visual interneurons of the butterflyPapilio xuthus (2018)
  • Author(s): Rusanen Juha、Frolov Roman、Weckstroem Matti、Kinoshita Michiyo、Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: The Journal of Experimental Biology Volume: 221
  • DOI: 10.1242/jeb.179085
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The More, the Better? A Butterfly with 15 Kinds of Light Sensors in Its Eye (2018)
  • Author(s): Pei-Ju Chen, Finlay J Stewart, Kentaro Arikawa
  • Journal Title: Frontiers for Young Minds Volume: 6 Pages: 70-70
  • DOI: 10.3389/frym.2017.00070
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The giant butterfly-moth Paysandisia archon has spectrally rich apposition eyes with unique light-dependent photoreceptor dynamics (2018)
  • Author(s): Pirih Primoz、Ilic Marko、Rudolf Jerneja、Arikawa Kentaro、Stavenga Doekele G.、Belusic Gregor
  • Journal Title: Journal of Comparative Physiology A Volume: 204 Pages: 639-651
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1267-z
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Physiological responses of ionotropic histamine receptors, PxHCLA and PxHCLB, to neurotransmitter candidates in a butterfly, Papilio xuthus (2018)
  • Author(s): Akashi Hiroshi D.、Chen Pei-Ju、Akiyama Tokiho、Terai Yohey、Wakakuwa Motohiro、Takayama Yasunori、Tominaga Makoto、Arikawa Kentaro
  • Journal Title: J Exp Biol Volume: 221 Pages: 2234-2242
  • DOI: 10.1242/jeb.183129
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] LEDに対するコクヌストモドキの誘引性． (2022)
  • Author(s): 曽根蒼太，蟻川謙太郎，宮竹貴久
  • Organizer: 第66回日本応用動物昆虫学会、2022年3月、明治大学生田キャンパス、オンライン開催
• [Presentation] Morphology and spectral sensitivity of lamina monopolar cells of a butterfly, Papilio xuthus. (2021)
  • Author(s): Wakita D, Kinoshita M, Arikawa K:
  • Organizer: The 43rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Dec 2021, Sapporo (Online)
• [Presentation] アゲハの眼に星空―個眼蛍光と色覚研究― (2021)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎
  • Organizer: 日本動物学会第92回大会、2021年10月、米子（オンライン開催）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] チョウが見る世界をたずねて (2021)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎
  • Organizer: 日本視覚学会、2021年10月、千葉（オンライン開催）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Butterfly color vision; another view of our world (2021)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: 2nd International Symposium for Color Science and Art 2020-2021
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] A colorful story on butterfly vision (2020)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: Conference on the Series Neuroscience & Behavior in Quarantine Times
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] チョウの見る色の世界を探る (2020)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎
  • Organizer: リベラルアーツ学会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Sequential wavelength information processing in the optic lobe of a butterfly, Papilio xuthus (2020)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K, Wakita D, Ilic M, Shibasaki H, Kinoshita M
  • Organizer: The 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
• [Presentation] Chromatic contrast-sensitive medulla motion sensitive neurons in a butterfly, Papilio xuthus (2020)
  • Author(s): Cechetto C, Kinoshita M, Stewart F, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: 日本動物学会第91回大会
• [Presentation] Spectral and spatial opponency in the lamina of a butterfly Papilio xuthus (2020)
  • Author(s): Ilic M, Belusic G, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: 日本動物学会第91回大会
• [Presentation] Physiology of butterfly color vision (2020)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: Special seminar at the Department of Biology at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Trivandrum
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Butterfly color vision - Another view of our world (2020)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: The 2nd International Symposium for Color Science and Art (postponed)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] チョウが見る色の世界―昆虫視覚の神経行動学 (2019)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎
  • Organizer: 第35回国際生物学賞記念シンポジウム
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Butterfly vision - another view of our world (2019)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: International Conference on Biodiversity 2019
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Another view of our world - Neuroethology of butterfly color vision (2019)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: Special seminar at the Biological Sciences Department at the University of Cincinnati
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Exploring the butterfly lamina (2019)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: Special seminar at the Department of Biology at the University of New York
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] “Colorful” lamina of Papilio (2019)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K
  • Organizer: Special seminar at the Biological Sciences Department at the University of Maryland Baltimore County
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Spectral information processing in the lamina of a butterfly, Papilio xuthus (2019)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K, Chen P-J, Belusic G, Kinoshita M, Matsushita A, Stewart FJ
  • Organizer: Janelia Conference “Color vision: Circuits and Behavior”
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] チョウ類の交尾行動と産卵行動を制御する紫外線受容器 (2019)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎、塚本寿夫
  • Organizer: シンポジウム「非視覚タイプの光環境応答とメカニズム」，日本動物学会第90回大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The roles of colour and polarization contrast for motion detection in Papilio butterflies (2019)
  • Author(s): Stewart F, Kinoshita M, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: 4th International Conference on Invertebrate Vision
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Four ventral ommatidial types, perhaps? Optical retinography (ORG) in the Angled Sunbeam butterfly (Curetis acuta) (2019)
  • Author(s): Pirih P, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: 4th International Conference on Invertebrate Vision
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Light music for the masses: Polychrome stimulation of Papilio xuthus photoreceptors with the LED synthesizer (2019)
  • Author(s): Pirih P, Ilic; M, Meglic A, Arikawa K, Belusic G
  • Organizer: 4th International Conference on Invertebrate Vision
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The compound eye of a nymphalid migrator the Chestnut Tiger butterfly, Parantica sita (2019)
  • Author(s): Nagloo N, Arikawa K, Kinoshita M
  • Organizer: 4th International Conference on Invertebrate Vision
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Color vision see at the lamina of a butterfly, Papilio xuthus (2019)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K, Matsushita A, Stewart F, Chen P-J, Ilic; M, Kinoshita M, Belusic; G
  • Organizer: 4th International Conference on Invertebrate Vision
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 農業害虫アザミウマ類の波長選好性 (2019)
  • Author(s): 大木碩仁、荻野拓海、山口照美、野呂 知加子、戒能洋一、蟻川謙太郎、霜田政美
  • Organizer: 令和元年度 農業・工業原材料生産と光技術研究会
• [Presentation] アザミウマ４種の波長選好性の特徴について (2019)
  • Author(s): 大木碩仁、荻野拓海、山口照美、野呂知加子、戒能洋一、蟻川謙太郎、霜田政美
  • Organizer: 天敵利用研究会
• [Presentation] Comparative analysis of the number of Kenyon cell subtype in the mushroom bodies of the brain among various insect species (2019)
  • Author(s): Suzuki A, Kinoshita M, Mukai A Oguchi K, Mizunami M, Arikawa K, Goto S, Miura T, Kubo T,
  • Organizer: The 41st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
• [Presentation] Modeling of lateral inhibition in the lamina as the basis of acute color vision in a butterfly, Papilio xuthus. (2019)
  • Author(s): Ilic M, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: The 41st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
• [Presentation] 様々な昆虫種における脳キノコ体ケニヨン細胞サブタイプの探索と比較解析 (2019)
  • Author(s): 鈴木 敦己, 木下 充代, 向井 歩, 小口 晃平, 水波 誠, 蟻川 謙太郎, 後藤 慎介, 三浦 徹, 久保 健雄
  • Organizer: 第42回分子生物学会
• [Presentation] チョウの生殖行動を制御する光受容体 (2018)
  • Author(s): 塚本寿夫、内山博允、秋山辰穂、小柳光正、古谷祐詞、寺北明久、蟻川謙太郎
  • Organizer: 日本動物学会第89回大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] アゲハ視葉板カートリッジ間の個眼タイプ特異的接続：連続ブロックフェイス走査電顕(SBF-SEM)による解析 (2018)
  • Author(s): 松下敦子、Finlay Stewart、宮崎直幸、村田和義、蟻川謙太郎
  • Organizer: 日本動物学会第89回大会
• [Presentation] Investigations into the mechanism of polarized light sensitivity in Pieris rapae (2018)
  • Author(s): Blake AJ, Kwok S, Hahn GS, Qiu X, Arikawa K, Gries G
  • Organizer: 2018 ESA, ESC and ESBC Joint Annual Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Inside the compound eye of a migratory butterfly, Parantica sita (2018)
  • Author(s): Nagloo N, Arikawa K, Kinoshita M
  • Organizer: The 40th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
• [Presentation] Neuronal circuitry for achromatic and chromatic vision in the Papilio lamina (2018)
  • Author(s): Chen P-J, Belusic G, Matsushita A, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: The 40th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
• [Presentation] Ommatidial type-specific intra- and inter-cartridge connections in the Papilio lamina revealed by serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) (2018)
  • Author(s): Arikawa K, Stewart F, Miyazaki N, Murata K, Matsushita A: Ommatidial type-specific intra- and inter-cartridge connections in the Papilio lamina revealed by serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM).
  • Organizer: The 13th International Congress of Neuroethology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The retinal organization of a migratory butterfly Parantica sita (2018)
  • Author(s): Nagloo N, Arikawa K, Kinoshita M
  • Organizer: The 13th International Congress of Neuroethology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Examination of the histamine hypothesis for a mechanism underlying photoreceptor spectral opponency in the Papilio butterfly (2018)
  • Author(s): Chen P-J, Belusic G, Matsushita A, Arikawa K
  • Organizer: The 13th International Congress of Neuroethology
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Book] 動物学の百科事典（「感覚系の構造と機能」執筆） (2018)
  • Author(s): 蟻川謙太郎（公益社団法人日本動物学会、分担執筆）
  • Total Pages: 800
  • Publisher: 丸善出版
  • ISBN: 9784621303092