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Experimental study on fossilization and nodule formation

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19K21898
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 17:Earth and planetary science and related fields
Research InstitutionKanazawa University

Principal Investigator

Jenkins Robert  金沢大学, 地球社会基盤学系, 准教授 (10451824)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 長谷川 卓  金沢大学, 地球社会基盤学系, 教授 (50272943)
Project Period (FY) 2019-06-28 – 2021-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
Budget Amount *help
¥5,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,380,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Keywords化石化過程 / 化石成因論 / 鯨骨群集 / 物質循環 / 炭素循環 / バクテリアマット / 硫酸還元 / 古生物学 / 化石化作用 / 有機物分解過程
Outline of Research at the Start

地球生命史の証拠である「化石」の形成プロセス・メカニズムは未だによくわかっていない.近年,「化石化(鉱化)」や「ノジュール形成」が比較的早く(数ヶ月以内程度)進行することがシミュレーションなどから示されている.
そこで本研究では,鯨類などの遺骸を浅海底に設置し,ダイビングによる経過観察および水質や同位体比分析,微生物相解析を駆使した複合的な実証研究による遺骸鉱化プロセス・メカニズムを解明する.

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we measured dissolved oxygen concentration of seawater in/around deployed whale carcass during its decay. Oxygen concentration was measured. As results of measurements, decomposition of whale bones with soft tissue forms less than 1 cm thick dysoxic environment on the bone surface. After removal of the soft tissue around the bones, the dysoxic environment area shrinks to 2 mm thick on the bone surface and the inside of the bone was anoxic. To understand mineralization of bones and precipitation of authigenic minerals on/within bones, it needs to reveal chemical condition within the bones. After we tried and investigated several methods, it has been revealed that using 2D O2-Sensor film on a sectioned bone is useful.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

生物遺骸の分解は生態系の物質循環において欠かせないプロセスであるが,人類はその実態の一端しか理解できていないのが現状である.本研究では,地球上最大の有機物塊である鯨類遺骸を題材に,遺骸分解プロセスの解明に挑んだ.その結果,骨の内外で有機物の分解速度がまったく異なり,また,骨表面を境とした急激な化学勾配があることを明らかにした.また,新規手法開発によって硬組織(骨)内部の化学環境モニタリングの実現可能性に具体的に迫ることができた.これは,生態系における物質循環(炭素循環)の実態解明や生体硬組織(もしくはその疑似人工物)を利用した炭素固定法などへの応用にもつながることが期待される.

Report

(3 results)
  • 2020 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (4 results)

All 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Journal Article (1 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 1 results) Presentation (2 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Pleistocene shallow-water whale-fall community from the Omma Formation in central Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      Seki, A. and Jenkins, R. G.
    • Journal Title

      Paleontological Research

      Volume: 25 Issue: 3

    • DOI

      10.2517/2020pr024

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 鯨骨群集成立期における骨周辺-骨内の酸素濃度2020

    • Author(s)
      鶴田 暁子,ジェンキンズ ロバート,小木曽 正造
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Pleistocene shallow-water whale-fall community from the Omma Formation in central Japan2019

    • Author(s)
      Seki, A. and Jenkins, R.G.
    • Organizer
      2nd International Workshop on Ancient Hydrocarbon Seep and Cognate Communities
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Remarks] ジェンキンズ研究室ウェブサイト

    • URL

      http://www.geobiology.jp/

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report 2019 Research-status Report

URL: 

Published: 2019-07-04   Modified: 2022-01-27  

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