Development and application of new methods for calculating magma mixing timescales

• Project/Area Number: 19K23471
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: 0204:Astronomy, earth and planetary science, and related fields
• Research Institution: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
• Principal Investigator: Conway Christopher 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 地質調査総合センター, 研究員 (50844619)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-08-30 – 2022-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2020)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
• Keywords: magma mixing / diffusion chronometry / eruption time scales / active volcanoes / volcanic hazards

Outline of Research at the Start

This research project will develop and apply new methods for calculating mineral diffusion timescales for samples from recent eruptions in Japan to explore the key question: how long does it take for magma mixing to trigger a volcanic eruption? This methodology will be practiced on olivine and
orthopyroxene crystals in samples from the recent eruptions of Miyakejima (2000) and Shinmoedake (2011) to constrain the timescales of magma mixing processes that triggered these explosive events.

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

One first-author paper has been published in a high-impact journal, and three conference presentations (two first-author, one co-author) were delivered in the last year. Preliminary data collection has been undertaken and further analyses are underway.

Current Status of Research Progress

4: Progress in research has been delayed.

Reason

The progress of this research project was affected by COVID-19. Laboratory analyses were delayed and two international volcanology conferences were postponed. The conferences will now be held outside of the time period for this project, so the grant will be used to fund domestic field surveys and laboratory analyses this year.

Strategy for Future Research Activity

Further sample collection, preparation and analysis will be undertaken this year. One first-author manuscript and three co-author manuscripts are in preparation. These will be submitted to international volcanology journals this year.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Rapid assembly of high-Mg andesites and dacites by magma mixing at a continental arc stratovolcano (2020)
  • Author(s): Conway, C.E., Chamberlain, K.J., Harigane, Y., Morgan, D.J., Wilson, C.J.N.
  • Journal Title: Geology Volume: 48 Pages: 1033-1037
  • DOI: 10.1130/g47614.1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Timescales of magmatic processes related to the AD 2000 eruptions at Miyakejima, Japan (2020)
  • Author(s): Conway, C.E., Geshi, N., Harigane, Y., Saito, Tomiya, A.
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union, Annual Meeting
• [Presentation] The types and tempos of magmatic processes that preceded historic eruptions at Miyakejima volcano, Japan (2020)
  • Author(s): Conway, C.E., Geshi, N., Harigane, Y., Saito, G., Weller, D., Aoki, Y.
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union, Annual Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Petrology, magma mixing, mush mobilization, and timescales of the 1874 A.D. Meiji Eruption of Miyakejima, Japan (2020)
  • Author(s): Weller, D., Aoki, Y., Geshi, N., Conway, C.E., Sakata, S., Yasuda, A., Gresse, M., Hokanishi, N., Harigane, Y.
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union, Annual Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research