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The underuse of common forest and the theory of anti-commons

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H00057
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 5:Law and related fields
Research InstitutionRitsumeikan University

Principal Investigator

TAKAMURA Gakuto  立命館大学, 政策科学部, 教授 (80302785)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 片野 洋平  明治大学, 農学部, 専任准教授 (00407347)
松浦 俊也  国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構, 森林総合研究所, 主任研究員 等 (00575277)
山下 詠子  東京農業大学, 地域環境科学部, 准教授 (10733561)
古積 健三郎  中央大学, 法務研究科, 教授 (20252380)
林 雅秀  山形大学, 農学部, 教授 (30353816)
宮本 麻子  国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構, 森林総合研究所, 主任研究員 等 (50353876)
飯田 高  東京大学, 社会科学研究所, 教授 (70345247)
西出 崇  小樽商科大学, グローカル戦略推進センター, 准教授 (30513171)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥44,330,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,230,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥10,140,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,340,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥12,480,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,880,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥13,910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,210,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥7,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Keywordsアンチ・コモンズ / 零細分散錯圃 / 所有者不明土地 / 共有 / 入会権 / 所有権論 / 負の共有地 / 総有 / 交換分合 / 森林法 / 所有権 / 入会林野 / 森林 / アンチコモンズ / 過少利用 / 領域団体 / 森林GIS / 地理空間分析
Outline of Research at the Start

今日、入会も含む森林が過少利用にあるため、豪雨時の災害リスクが高まっている。従来 、過少利用の要因は、木材価格低下、人口減等の社会経済的な要因に求められてきたが、本研究は、アンチ・コモンズ(=権利細分化)という法的要因から説明することを仮説とする。アンチ・コモンズには、多数共有者型と零細分散錯圃型の二種類が存在し、いずれも入会に由来する。そこで本研究は、過去の全国入会慣行調査と入会分割事例集を標本台帳とする調査を鳥取、秋田、長野、京都の四府県でGISも用いながら実施し仮説検証を行う。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Kawashima Takeyoshi et al.’s edited volumes "Disassembly of Common Rights I, II, and III" adopt the “one object, one right” principle as a cornerstone of modern law and regard the dissolution of common‐forest rights into private ownership as a historical law, viewing that process as having realized increased forest‐land utilization. By contrast, our research advances the theoretical hypothesis that the subdividing of ownership rights, (1) the fragmentation of forest land into numerous small parcels and (2) the proliferation of co-owners under joint ownership (the so-called “anti-commons”induces difficulties of use. We were able to test this hypothesis through a secondary analysis of census data, GIS‐based analysis, and three questionnaire surveys conducted with prefectural forestry offices, forestry public corporations, and forest cooperatives.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

従来の研究では、所有形態の良し悪しは、林野の地理空間的な条件とは無関係に観念的に論じられる傾向があった。これに対して本研究では、地理空間情報システム、センサス、全国アンケートという三つのデータに対して統計分析を行い、アンチ・コモンズ仮説を検証した点に学術的意義がある。所有者の不明化よりもアンチ・コモンズこそが重要である点を示し、入会権の所有権登記の方法も示した点に社会的意義がある。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2024 Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (42 results)

All 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019

All Journal Article (25 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 8 results,  Open Access: 13 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Invited: 2 results) Book (5 results)

  • [Journal Article] Customary Common Forest and Unknown Owner Land Problem :Three Types of Anti-Commons2024

    • Author(s)
      高村学人
    • Journal Title

      政策科学

      Volume: 31 Issue: 3 Pages: 127-148

    • DOI

      10.34382/0002000616

    • ISSN
      0919-4851
    • URL

      https://ritsumei.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000616

    • Year and Date
      2024-03-15
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Factors in Choosing Afforestation by Customary Holding Entities (Academic Article) (Special Feature: What“Census of Agriculture and Forestry”can Reveal about Forestry?)2023

    • Author(s)
      林 雅秀、高村 学人
    • Journal Title

      FOREST ECONOMY

      Volume: 76 Issue: 9 Pages: 1-21

    • DOI

      10.19013/rinrin.76.9_1

    • ISSN
      0388-8614, 2189-6801
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Current legal issues in modernizing common forests in Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      高村 学人、山下 詠子
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Forest Commons

      Volume: 42 Issue: 0 Pages: 5-28

    • DOI

      10.32192/forestcommons.42.0_5

    • ISSN
      2186-036X, 2434-3927
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Bundle of Rights Reversed: Anticommons in a Japanese Common Property Forest Due to Legalization2021

    • Author(s)
      TAKAMURA, Gakuto Nishide, Takashi, Kanazawa, Yusuke, & Hayashi, Masahide(
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of the Commons,

      Volume: 15(1) Issue: 1 Pages: 259-275

    • DOI

      10.5334/ijc.1080

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 入会林野整備の実績と新たな政策動向に関する全都道府県アンケートの集計結果2021

    • Author(s)
      高村学人、山下詠子
    • Journal Title

      立命館大学政策科学会RPSPPディスカッションペーパー

      Volume: 46 Pages: 1-30

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 所有の排他性と過少利用問題 ー権利の束としての所有権2021

    • Author(s)
      高村学人
    • Journal Title

      地域開発

      Volume: 638 Pages: 14-17

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Estimated Impact of the Act to Regularize Irregular Land Registrations and Required Exploratory Surveys2021

    • Author(s)
      高村 学人、山下 詠子
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Forest Commons

      Volume: 41 Issue: 0 Pages: 2-15

    • DOI

      10.32192/forestcommons.41.0_2

    • NAID

      130008021684

    • ISSN
      2186-036X, 2434-3927
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 法人論から見た人口減少地域の再編 ー近世化する現代日本2021

    • Author(s)
      高村学人
    • Journal Title

      法律時報

      Volume: 93巻1号 Pages: 29-34

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 縮退実施のための協働的プランニングと土地所有権2021

    • Author(s)
      高村学人
    • Journal Title

      亘理格・内海麻利編『縮退の時代の「管理型」都市計画』第一法規

      Volume: 0 Pages: 256-269

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] アンチ・コモンズ理論に基づく入会林野の過少利用要因の検証 -2000年農林業センサス慣行共有調査の個票データ分析2021

    • Author(s)
      西出崇、高村学人
    • Journal Title

      立命館大学政策科学会RPSPPディスカッションペーパー

      Volume: 37 Pages: 1-45

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 法過程における社会科学2021

    • Author(s)
      飯田高
    • Journal Title

      司法研修所

      Volume: 130 Pages: 184-225

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 民事訴訟における法人格のない社団の当事者能力について2021

    • Author(s)
      古積健三郎
    • Journal Title

      法学新報

      Volume: 127(3・4) Pages: 171-200

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Assessment of wood provisioning in protected subtropical forest areas for sustainable management beyond the zone2021

    • Author(s)
      Miyamoto Asako、Sano Makoto、Terazono Ryuichi、Yamada Shigeki、Shimizu Akira
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Environmental Management

      Volume: 287 Pages: 112337-112337

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112337

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Landscape features of endangered Ryukyu long-furred rat (Diplothrix legata) roadkill sites in Yambaru, Okinawa-jima Island2021

    • Author(s)
      Miyamoto Asako、Tamanaha Syoko、Watari Yuya
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Forest Research

      Volume: 287(1) Issue: 3 Pages: 1-7

    • DOI

      10.1080/13416979.2021.1887437

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Assessment of potentially reusable edible wild plant and mushroom gathering sites in eastern Fukushima based on external radiation dose2021

    • Author(s)
      Matsuura Toshiya
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

      Volume: 227 Pages: 106465-106465

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106465

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 生態系サービスの視点から天然特用林産物を捉える2021

    • Author(s)
      松浦俊也
    • Journal Title

      北方林業

      Volume: 72(1) Pages: 1-4

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 入会権の変容と今日的課題2021

    • Author(s)
      古積健三郎
    • Journal Title

      亘理格・内海麻利編『縮退の時代の「管理型」都市計画』第一法規

      Volume: 0 Pages: 178-192

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 市場におけるルールと私的組織:市場ガバナンスに関する試論2020

    • Author(s)
      飯田高
    • Journal Title

      日本銀行金融研究所ディスカッション・ペーパー・シリーズ

      Volume: 2020-J-14 Pages: 1-49

    • NAID

      40022653386

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 在村者・不在村者の森林管理行動の地域性ー伝統林業地と新興林業地の比較分析2020

    • Author(s)
      芳賀大地, 片野洋平
    • Journal Title

      林業経済研究

      Volume: 66(3) Pages: 1-15

    • NAID

      130008006501

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The Progress and Current State of Forest Producers’Cooperatives2020

    • Author(s)
      山下 詠子
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Forest Economics

      Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Pages: 26-39

    • DOI

      10.20818/jfe.66.3_26

    • NAID

      130008006500

    • ISSN
      0285-1598, 2424-2454
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 入会林野に由来する共有名義の森林の現状と課題2020

    • Author(s)
      山下詠子
    • Journal Title

      関東森林研究

      Volume: 71(2) Pages: 221-224

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 共有林・生産森林組合と地元対応2020

    • Author(s)
      山下詠子
    • Journal Title

      志賀和人編『現代日本の私有林問題』

      Volume: 0 Pages: 275-287

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Temporal changes in the spatial patterns of air dose rate from 2012 to 2016 at forest floors in Fukushima, Japan2020

    • Author(s)
      Imamura Naohiro、Matsuura Toshiya、Akama Akio、Ikeda Shigeto、Kobayashi Masahiro、Miura Satoru、Shinomiya Yoshiki、Kaneko Shinji
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

      Volume: 222 Pages: 106377-106377

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106377

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] ウルシ林の経営とその収益性2020

    • Author(s)
      林雅秀
    • Journal Title

      森林技術

      Volume: 944 Pages: 20-32

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Traditional or Economic Values? Analyzing Absentee Landowner Attitudes Amid Social and Agricultural Transformation in Japan2019

    • Author(s)
      Katano Yohei、Greenberg Pierce、Agnone Jon
    • Journal Title

      Rural Sociology

      Volume: 1 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-1

    • DOI

      10.1111/ruso.12310

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 森林生態系多様性基礎調査でみるスギ人工林の林分構造2025

    • Author(s)
      宮本麻子・松浦俊也
    • Organizer
      日本森林学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 土地・建物の過少利用問題と所有権モデル2023

    • Author(s)
      高村学人
    • Organizer
      政治経済学・経済史学会 共通論題「都市と土地所有ー歴史と現状から」
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Social structure promoting individualization of common forests2021

    • Author(s)
      Masahide HAYASHI & Gakuto TAKAMURA
    • Organizer
      International Association of the Study of the Commons 2021, Forest Commons Virtual Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Microscale spatial characteristics of common forests in a mountainous community in Kyoto, Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      Asako MIYAMOTO&Gakuto TAKAMURA
    • Organizer
      International Association of the Study of the Commons 2021, Forest Commons Virtual Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Why do geographic and social conditions of undivided common property forests matter? : Contextualizing a Japanese case within the international commons research2021

    • Author(s)
      Gakuto TAKAMURA
    • Organizer
      International Association of the Study of the Commons 2021, Forest Commons Virtual Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] National and prefectural scale spatial characteristics of forest land tenure in Japan using forest registers and planning maps2021

    • Author(s)
      Toshiya MATSUURA
    • Organizer
      International Association of the Study of the Commons 2021, Forest Commons Virtual Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 全国アンケートから見る入会林野整備の今日的課題 と新たな政策動向の法的論点 -なお入会林野近代化法が必要な場面はどこにあるか?2021

    • Author(s)
      高村学人・山下詠子
    • Organizer
      第41回中日本入会林野研究会研究大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 西日本における入会林野整備の特徴と新たな政策に伴う法的論点2021

    • Author(s)
      高村学人・山下詠子
    • Organizer
      第18回村落環境研究会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 入会林野整備実績からみた入会林野の登記名義の現状2021

    • Author(s)
      山下詠子,林雅秀,片野洋平,高村学人
    • Organizer
      日本森林学会大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 都市近郊住民の獣害対策意識2021

    • Author(s)
      林雅秀・八巻一成
    • Organizer
      日本森林学会大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Remodeling the Concept of Bundle of Rights to Consider Degrowth in a Different Way”2020

    • Author(s)
      Gakuto TAKAMURA
    • Organizer
      International Association of the Study of the Commons&RIHN Online Workshop on Commons, Post-Development and Degrowth in Asia
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 表題部所有者不明土地適正化法の入会地へのインパクトと求められる探索的調査2020

    • Author(s)
      山下詠子・高村学人
    • Organizer
      中日本入会林野研究会大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 放置資産がコミュニティを毀損する2024

    • Author(s)
      片野洋平
    • Total Pages
      262
    • Publisher
      ミネルヴァ書房
    • ISBN
      9784623096329
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 法人格のない団体の権利主体性2023

    • Author(s)
      古積健三郎
    • Total Pages
      335
    • Publisher
      弘文堂
    • ISBN
      9784335359743
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 入会林野と所有者不明土地問題ー両者の俊別と現代入会権論2023

    • Author(s)
      高村学人・古積健三郎・山下詠子
    • Total Pages
      398
    • Publisher
      岩波書店
    • ISBN
      9784000616140
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Land law and disputes in Asia : in search of an alternative for development2022

    • Author(s)
      Yuka Kaneko, Narufumi Kadomatsu, Brian Z. Tamanaha
    • Total Pages
      307
    • Publisher
      Routledge
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 担保物権法2020

    • Author(s)
      古積健三郎
    • Total Pages
      250
    • Publisher
      弘文堂
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2026-01-16  

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