Study on oxygen ion energization in the near-Earth magnetotail using multi-spacecraft observations and particle tracing simulation

• Project/Area Number: 20H01957
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 17010:Space and planetary sciences-related
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: 桂華 邦裕 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 助教 (10719454)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 笠原 慧 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (00550500) ; 横田 勝一郎 大阪大学, 大学院理学研究科, 准教授 (40435798) ; 海老原 祐輔 京都大学, 生存圏研究所, 准教授 (80342616)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2023)
• Budget Amount: ¥11,440,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,640,000); Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥5,850,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,350,000)
• Keywords: 地球大気起源酸素イオン / イオン輸送、加速、加熱 / 磁場双極子化 / 磁気圏尾部ダイナミクス / 内部磁気圏リングカレント / 内部磁気圏 / リングカレント

Outline of Research at the Start

爆発的な宇宙嵐が発生すると、地球大気から流出した酸素イオンがエネルギーを得て（加速や加熱を受けて）、磁気圏全体のダ イナミクスに大きく影響を与える。このプロセスには、大規模な磁気圏磁場構造の変化（磁場双極子化）が重要な役割を担っていると考えられているが、酸素のような重い粒子の描像は未解明な点が多い。本研究では、複数衛星観測と数値計算を組み合わせることで、酸素イオンの高エネルギー化と磁場構造変化のスケール評価に挑戦する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

爆発的な宇宙嵐が発生すると、地球大気から流出した酸素イオンがエネルギーを得て(加速や加熱を受けて)、磁気圏全体のダ イナミクスに大きく影響を与える。このプロセスには、大規模な磁気圏磁場構造の変化(磁場双極子化)が重要な役割を担っていると考えられているが、酸素のような重い粒子の描像は未解明な点が多い。本研究では、磁気圏尾部を中心に飛翔する複数衛星のデータ解析とグローバル磁気流体モデル内での粒子追跡計算を組み合わせることで、「磁場双極子化に伴う酸素イオンの選択的な高圧化」のメカニズムを明らかにする。また、主要イオン種である水素イオンと酸素イオンに加えて、異なる質量や電荷を持つイオンの振る舞いにも着目することで、「内部磁気圏酸素圧の増強に影響を与える磁場双極子化の時間空間スケールの定量的評価」にチャレンジする。

本年度は、MMS衛星データを用いた統計解析およびグローバル磁気流体モデル内の粒子追跡計算を実施した。昨年度の研究で「重イオンが非断熱加速を受けながら効率的に捕捉される輸送システム」の存在が示唆されたため、低エネルギーのイオンに着目してMMS衛星データを用いて統計解析を行った。高温プラズマと低温プラズマの特性を比較調査し、近尾部の低温プラズマは主に電離圏起源であることが示された。この成果はJournal of Geophysical Research Space Physicsに掲載された。一方、あらせ衛星で観測された高エネルギーイオンの振る舞いを理解するため、グローバル磁気流体モデル内でイオン軌道をバックトレーシングし、水素イオンと酸素イオンの振る舞いを比較調査した。1万を超える粒子をトレーシングすることで、典型的な輸送経路と加速場所のイオン種依存が示された。輸送プロセスや加速メカニズムに関する詳細解析を継続中である。

Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

「研究業績の概要」で述べたように、地球内部磁気圏に注入される低エネルギーイオンは地球起源プラズマが卓越していることが衛星観測から示された。また、高エネルギープラズマは水素と酸素イオンで輸送経路は加速プロセスが異なることが数値計算から示された。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

来年度は、上記のこれまでの成果を踏まえて上で、あらせ衛星を用いた統計解析と数値計算結果の詳細解析を実施し、内部磁気圏酸素圧の増強に重要な影響を与える物理メカニズムの解明を目指す。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] Southwest Research Institute/Aerospace Corporation/UCLA(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ニューハンプシャー大学(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of New Hampshire(米国)
• [Journal Article] A low-energy particle experiment for both ion and electron measurements using a single microchannel plate-based detector (2024)
  • Author(s): Shoichiro Yokota, Yoshifumi Saito, Kazushi Asamura
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 76 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-50
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-024-01997-7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Generation of Field‐Aligned Currents During Substorm Expansion: An Update (2023)
  • Author(s): Ebihara Yusuke、Tanaka Takashi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 128 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-17
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022ja031011
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Direct Observations of Energetic Electron Scattering and Precipitation Due To Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Dayside High‐Density Regions (2023)
  • Author(s): Sugo Shin、Kasahara Satoshi、Miyoshi Yoshizumi、Katoh Yuto、Keika Kunihiro、Yokota Shoichiro、Hori Tomoaki、Kasahara Yoshiya、Matsuda Shoya、Matsuoka Ayako、Shinohara Iku、Tsuchiya Fuminori、Kumamoto Atsushi、Nakamura Satoko、Kitahara Masahiro
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 128 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030992
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Global Characteristics of Cold Protons Around Midnight in the Magnetotail: Implication for Efficient Heating and Origin (2022)
  • Author(s): Keika K.、Asami R.、Hoshino M.、Fuselier S. A.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 127 Issue: 7 Pages: 1-15
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029576
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Radiation Belt Daily Average Electron Flux Model (RB‐Daily‐E) From the Seven‐Year Van Allen Probes Mission and Its Application to Interpret GPS On‐Orbit Solar Array Degradation (2022)
  • Author(s): Gabrielse Christine, et al.
  • Journal Title: Space Weather Volume: 20 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-21
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022sw003183
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Observation of Source Plasma and Field Variations of a Substorm Brightening Aurora at <i>L</i> ???6 by a Ground‐Based Camera and the Arase Satellite on 12 October 2017 (2022)
  • Author(s): Chen L.et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 127 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-28
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021ja030072
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Analysis of Electron Precipitation and Ionospheric Density Enhancements Due To Hiss Using Incoherent Scatter Radar and Arase Observations (2022)
  • Author(s): Ma Q.、Xu W.、Sanchez E. R.、Marshall R. A.、Bortnik J.、Reyes P. M.、Varney R. H.、Kaeppler S. R.、Miyoshi Y.、Matsuoka A.、Kasahara Y.、Matsuda S.、Tsuchiya F.、Kumamoto A.、Kasahara S.、Yokota S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Mitani T.、Nakamura S.、Kazama Y.、Wang S.‐Y.、Jun C.‐W.、Shinohara I.、Tam S. W.‐Y.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 127 Issue: 8 Pages: 1-15
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030545
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Signatures of Auroral Potential Structure Extending Through the Near‐Equatorial Inner Magnetosphere (2022)
  • Author(s): Imajo S.、Miyoshi Y.、Asamura K.、Shinohara I.、Nos? M.、Shiokawa K.、Kasahara Y.、Kasaba Y.、Matsuoka A.、Kasahara S.、Yokota S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Shoji M.、Nakamura S.、Teramoto M.
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letters Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Pages: 1-10
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022gl098105
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Mesospheric ionization during substorm growth phase (2022)
  • Author(s): Murase K.、Kataoka R.、Nishiyama T.、Nishimura K.、Hashimoto T.、Tanaka Y.、Kadokura A.、Tomikawa Y.、Tsutsumi M.、Ogawa Y.、Uchida H. A.、Sato K.、Kasahara S.、Mitani T.、Yokota S.、Hori T.、Keika K.、Takashima T.、Kasahara Y.、et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate Volume: 12 Pages: 18-18
  • DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2022012
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Statistical Survey of Arase Satellite Data Sets in Conjunction With the Finnish Riometer Network (2022)
  • Author(s): Thomas. N.、Kero. A.、Miyoshi Y.、Shiokawa K.、Hyotyla M.、Raita T.、Kasahara Y.、Shinohara I.、Matsuda S.、Nakamura S.、Kasahara S.、Yokota S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Mitani T.、Takashima T.、Asamura K.、Kazama Y.、Wang S.‐Y.、Jun C.‐W.、Higashio N.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 127 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-13
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030271
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Preferential Energization of Lower‐Charge‐State Heavier Ions in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail (2022)
  • Author(s): Keika K.、Kasahara S.、Yokota S.、Hoshino M.、Seki K.、Amano T.、Kistler L. M.、Nos? M.、Miyoshi Y.、Hori T.、Shinohara I.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 127 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-20
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029786
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Comparative Study of Electric Currents and Energetic Particle Fluxes in a Solar Flare and Earth Magnetospheric Substorm (2021)
  • Author(s): Artemyev Anton、Zimovets Ivan、Sharykin Ivan、Nishimura Yukitoshi、Downs Cooper、Weygand James、Fiori Robyn、Zhang Xiao-Jia、Runov Andrei、Velli Marco、Angelopoulos Vassilis、Panasenco Olga、Russell Christopher T.、Miyoshi Yoshizumi、Kasahara Satoshi、et al
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 923 Issue: 2 Pages: 151-151
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2dfc
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Magnetic Field and Energetic Particle Flux Oscillations and High‐Frequency Waves Deep in the Inner Magnetosphere During Substorm Dipolarization: ERG Observations (2021)
  • Author(s): Miyashita Yukinaga、Chang Tzu‐Fang、Miyoshi Yoshizumi、Hori Tomoaki、Kadokura Akira、Kasahara Satoshi et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 9
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja029095
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Evening Side EMIC Waves and Related Proton Precipitation Induced by a Substorm (2021)
  • Author(s): Yahnin A. G.、Popova T. A.、Demekhov A. G.、Lubchich A. A.、Matsuoka A.、Asamura K.、Miyoshi Y.、Yokota S.、Kasahara S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Tsuchiya F.、Kumamoto A.、Kasahara Y.、Shoji M.、Kasaba Y.、Nakamura S.、Shinohara I.、Kim H.、Noh S.、Raita T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 7
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja029091
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Contribution of Electron Pressure to Ring Current and Ground Magnetic Depression Using RAM‐SCB Simulations and Arase Observations During 7?8 November 2017 Magnetic Storm (2021)
  • Author(s): Kumar S.、Miyoshi Y.、Jordanova V. K.、Engel M.、Asamura K.、Yokota S.、Kasahara S.、Kazama Y.、Wang S.‐Y.、Mitani T.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Jun C.、Shinohara I.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 6
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029109
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Low-altitude ion upflow observed by EISCAT and its effects on supply of molecular ions in the ring current detected by Arase (ERG) (2021)
  • Author(s): Takada, M., Seki, K., Ogawa, Y., Keika, K., Kasahara, S., Yokota, S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 5
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028951
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Data‐Driven Simulation of Rapid Flux Enhancement of Energetic Electrons With an Upper‐Band Whistler Burst (2021)
  • Author(s): Saito S., Kurita S., Miyoshi Y., Kasahara S., Yokota S., Keika K., Hori T., Kasahara Y., Matsuda S., Shoji M., Nakamura S., Matsuoka A., Imajo S., Shinohara I.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 4
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028979
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Energy‐Resolved Detection of Precipitating Electrons of 30-100 keV by a Sounding Rocket Associated With Dayside Chorus Waves (2021)
  • Author(s): Sugo S.、Kawashima O.、Kasahara S.、Asamura K.、Nomura R.、Miyoshi Y.、Ogawa Y.、Hosokawa K.、Mitani T.、Namekawa T.、Sakanoi T.、Fukizawa M.、Yagi N.、Fedorenko Y.、Nikitenko A.、Yokota S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Koehler C.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 3 Pages: 111-111
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028477
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Investigation of Small‐Scale Electron Density Irregularities Observed by the Arase and Van Allen Probes Satellites Inside and Outside the Plasmasphere (2021)
  • Author(s): Thomas N.、Shiokawa K.、Miyoshi Y.、Kasahara Y.、Shinohara I.、Kumamoto A.、Tsuchiya F.、Matsuoka A.、Kasahara S.、Yokota S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Asamura K.、Wang S.‐Y.、Kazama Y.、Tam S. W.‐Y.、Chang T.‐F.、Wang B.‐J.、Wygant J.、Breneman A.、Reeves G.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 126 Issue: 3 Pages: 118-118
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja027917
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Plasma and Field Observations in the Magnetospheric Source Region of a Stable Auroral Red (SAR) Arc by the Arase Satellite on 28 March 2017 (2020)
  • Author(s): Inaba Y.、Shiokawa K,、Oyama S.、Otsuka Y.、Oksanen A.、Shinbori A.、Gololobov A. Y.、Miyoshi Y.、Kazama Y.、Wang S.‐Y.、Tam S. W. Y.、Chang T.‐F.、Wang B.‐J.、Yokota S.、Kasahara S.、Keika K.、Hori T.、Matsuoka A.、Kasahara Y.、Kumamoto A.、Kasaba Y.、Tsuchiya F.、Shoji Masafumi、Shinohara Iku、Stolle Claudia
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 125 Issue: 10 Pages: 118-118
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028068
  • NAID: 120007146021
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Arase Observation of the Source Region of Auroral Arcs and Diffuse Auroras in the Inner Magnetosphere (2020)
  • Author(s): Shiokawa K.、Nos? M.、Imajo S.、Tanaka Y.‐M.、Miyoshi Y.、Hosokawa K.、Connors M.、Engebretson M.、Kazama Y.、Wang S.‐Y.、Tam S. W. Y.、Chang Tzu‐Fang、Wang Bo‐Jhou、Asamura K.、Kasahara S.、Yokota S.、Hori T.、Keika K.、Kasaba Y.、Shoji M.、Kasahara Y.、Matsuoka A.、Shinohara I.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 125 Issue: 8 Pages: 125-125
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019ja027310
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Proton-Oxygen Differences in Energization During Dipolarization in Saturn's Magnetotail: A Case Study of Cassini Observations (2020)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, P. C. Brandt, D. G. Mitchell, R. C. Allen, C. Paranicas, M. Kusterer, D. C. Hamilton, and S. Sakai
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of Symposium on Planetary Science 2020 Volume: - Pages: 1-4
  • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] KAGUYA observation of global emissions of indigenous carbon ions from the Moon (2020)
  • Author(s): Yokota Shoichiro、Terada Kentaro、Saito Yoshifumi、Kato Daiba、Asamura Kazushi、Nishino Masaki N.、Shimizu Hisayoshi、Takahashi Futoshi、Shibuya Hidetoshi、Matsushima Masaki、Tsunakawa Hideo
  • Journal Title: Science Advances Volume: 6 Issue: 19 Pages: 16-16
  • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1050
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Characteristics of oxygen ion supply and energization in the inner magnetosphere during magnetic storms: Arase observations (2022)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, K. Seki, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, T. Hori, Y. Miyoshi, I. Shinohara, A. Matsuoka
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union (JpGU) Meeting 2022
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Global Characteristics of Cold Protons Around Midnight in the Magnetotail: MMS/HPCA observations (2022)
  • Author(s): Keika, K., Asami, R., Hoshino, M., and Fuselier, S. A.
  • Organizer: 第152回 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会 総会および講演会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Region 1型沿磁力線電流の生成領域 (2022)
  • Author(s): 海老原祐輔; 田中高史
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union (JpGU) Meeting 2022
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Three-dimensional Closure of Field-aligned Currents in the Polar Ionosphere (2022)
  • Author(s): Yuto Yano; Yusuke Ebihara
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Generation mechanism of Region 1 field-aligned current (2022)
  • Author(s): Yusuke Ebihara
  • Organizer: The 15the Asia-Pacific Physics Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Mutual coupling between magnetosphere and low-latitude ionosphere during magnetic storms and substorms (2022)
  • Author(s): Yusuke Ebihara
  • Organizer: 16th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Generation mechanism of Region 1 field-aligned current (2022)
  • Author(s): Yusuke Ebihara; Takashi Tanaka
  • Organizer: Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies-Division of Plasma Physics (AAPPS-DPP)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Region 1 field-aligned current and energy transfer from solar wind to polar ionosphere (2022)
  • Author(s): 海老原祐輔; 田中高史
  • Organizer: 第152回 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会 総会および講演会
• [Presentation] Sources, Transport, and Energization of Magnetospheric Plasma (2021)
  • Author(s): K. Keika
  • Organizer: JAXA/ISAS Planetary Exploration Workshop 2021
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Reporter Review: Earth's Ring Current (2021)
  • Author(s): K. Keika
  • Organizer: Joint Scientific Assembly IAGA-IASPEI 2021
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Observational study on preferential energization of lower-charge-state heavier ions in the near-Earth magnetotail (2021)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, M. Hoshino, K. Seki, T. Amano, L. M. Kistler, M. Nosテゥ, Y. Miyoshi, T. Hori, and I. Shinohara
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2021 Fall Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Preferential energization of lower-charge-state heavier ions in the near-Earth magnetotail (2021)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, M. Hoshino, K. Seki, T. Amano, L. M. Kistler, M. Nosテゥ, Y. Miyoshi, T. Hori, and I. Shinohara
  • Organizer: SGEPSS 2021 Fall Meeting
• [Presentation] On Plasma Transport and Energization in the Magnetospheres of Magnetized Planets (2021)
  • Author(s): K. Keika
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Sciences
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Observational study on preferential energization of low-charge-state heavy ions in the near-Earth magnetotail (2020)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, M. Hoshino, K. Seki, T. Amano, L. M. Kistler, M. Nose', Y. Miyoshi, T. Hori, I. Shinohara, A. Matsuoka, M. Teramoto, and Y. Ebihara
  • Organizer: SGEPSS 2020 Fall Meeting online
• [Presentation] Observations of mass- and charge-dependent ion energization in the near-Earth magnetotail (2020)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, M. Hoshino, K. Seki, T. Amano, L. M. Kistler, M. Nose', Y. Miyoshi, T. Hori, I. Shinohara, A. Matsuoka, M. Teramoto, and Y. Ebihara
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2020 Fall Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Observational study on mass and charge dependence of plasma energization in the inner magnetosphere and near-Earth magnetotail (2020)
  • Author(s): K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, M. Hoshino, K. Seki, T. Amano, L. M. Kistler, M. Nose', Y. Miyoshi, T. Hori, and I. Shinohara
  • Organizer: JpGU Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research