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Comparative quantification of extinction risk in feline species based on information on reproductive rates and age composition

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20H03008
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 39060:Conservation of biological resources-related
Research InstitutionKyoto University

Principal Investigator

木下 こづえ  京都大学, アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科, 准教授 (50724233)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 村山 美穂  京都大学, 野生動物研究センター, 教授 (60293552)
杉本 太郎  兵庫県立大学, 自然・環境科学研究所, 特任助教 (20570493)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥16,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,780,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥5,720,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,320,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥5,720,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,320,000)
Keywords希少種 / 繁殖生理 / 遺伝的多様性 / ステロイドホルモン / DNAメチル化 / 希少ネコ科動物 / 妊娠判定 / 糞中ホルモン / 年齢推定 / 匂いのコミュニケーション / 性ホルモン
Outline of Research at the Start

多くの動物の絶滅が危惧される中、個体数が減少していく過程で繁殖率および年齢構成がどのように変化し絶滅を迎えるのか?そのシナリオは分かっていない。個体数が多くても、集団の繁殖率や年齢構成によっては、急激に絶滅する可能性がある。繁殖率や年齢構成は集団の遺伝的多様性を左右するため、動物の生存を理解する上で重要な生態情報である。本研究では、あらゆる動物で採取が容易な糞に着目して、糞中ホルモン分析および糞DNAメチル化検出による妊娠診断および年齢推定法を確立する。特に、直接観察が困難な希少ネコ科動物に着目し、集団の繁殖率、年齢構成、遺伝的多様性から各調査地の真の絶滅リスクを客観的に比較定量化する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

2022年度も昨年度に引き続き、動物園などの飼育個体から血液・糞試料を提供いただき、①妊娠・②年齢推定法の確立を目指すと共に、今年度からは海外協力機関と共にネパールおよびキルギス共和国で採取された野生ユキヒョウの糞試料も研究に供試した。また、海外協力機関と共に野生動物保護区に設置したカメラトラップによる餌動物密度調査、およびアンケートによる密猟・報復殺数の調査も引き続き実施した。
①の繁殖率推定法の確立に関しては、子宮や胎盤などから分泌されるプロスタグランジンF2α代謝物の13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α(PGFM)を糞から抽出し測定することで妊娠判定ができるかどうかを検証した。その結果、糞中プロゲステロン濃度が高く交尾後の個体由来と考えられた糞中のPGFM濃度は、低濃度のプロゲステロンをもつ糞試料(つまりは交尾をしていない個体由来の糞)よりも有意に高い値を示した。これにより、野生個体糞においても、プロゲステロンと併せてPGFM濃度を測定することで妊娠を判別できる可能性が示唆された。
②の年齢推定法に関しては、年齢が判明しているイエネコだけでなく希少ネコ科動物(ツシマヤマネコなど)の血液も供試し、血中DNAを抽出してメチル化の程度を検出することで年齢推定を試みた。その結果、種特異的な年齢推定モデルを構築することで高精度で年齢を推定できることが明らかとなった。
また、ネコ科動物の繁殖に欠かせない匂いのコミュニケーションについても焦点を当て、雌は単独、雄は群れて行動する独特な社会性をもつチーターにおいて、飼育環境がマーキング行動に与える影響も調べた。その結果、雄を群れ飼育することで匂いのコミュニケーション行動が増加することを明らかにした。本研究成果は英語論文にまとめて国際誌にて発表した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

今年度から海外渡航への制限が少なくなり、国内だけでなく野外でも試料の採取および海外協力機関での分析が可能となった。そのため、当初の研究計画を計画通りに完了することができた。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

より多くの野生個体の試料を集め、データを収集する。それにより、これまで飼育個体で得られた研究成果を野生個体に応用できるかどうかを検証する。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (48 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (4 results) Journal Article (13 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 11 results,  Open Access: 8 results) Presentation (29 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 16 results,  Invited: 1 results) Book (2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Snow Leopard Foundation in Kyrgyzstan/Snow Leopard Trust(キルギス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Centre for Ecological Studies(ネパール)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Snow Leopard Foundation in Kyrgyzstan/Snow Leopard Trust(キルギス)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Centre for Ecological Studies(ネパール)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 動物からみた“個性”2024

    • Author(s)
      村山美穂
    • Journal Title

      特集 脳と個性 生体の科学

      Volume: 75 Pages: 45-50

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Genetic effects of demographic bottleneck and recovery in Kinkazan Island and mainland populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazahari N.、Inoue E.、Nakagawa N.、Kawamoto Y.、Uno T.、Inoue-Murayama M.
    • Journal Title

      Primates

      Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Pages: 239-246

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10329-023-01050-3

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Characteristics of urine spraying and scraping the ground with hind paws as scent-marking of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)2022

    • Author(s)
      Kinoshita K.、Suzuki M.、Sasaki Y.、Yonezawa A.、Kamitani H.、Okuda R.、Ishikawa T.、Tsukui K.、Kohshima S.
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 15594-15594

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-022-19257-7

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] なぜ、大型ネコ科動物を生息域外で保全するのか?2022

    • Author(s)
      木下こづえ
    • Journal Title

      Wildlife Forum

      Volume: 27 Pages: 18-20

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Comparative analysis of sperm motility in liquid and seminal coagulum portions between Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)2021

    • Author(s)
      Kinoshita Kodzue、Indo Yoriko、Tajima Tomoyuki、Kuze Noko、Miyakawa Etsuko、Kobayashi Toshio、Nakamura Tomoyuki、Ogata Mitsuaki、Okumura Fumihiko、Hayakawa Takashi、Morimura Naruki、Mori Yusuke、Okamoto Munehiro、Ozaki Yasuhiko、Hirata Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      Primates

      Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Pages: 467-473

    • DOI

      10.1007/s10329-020-00887-2

    • NAID

      40022562384

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Urinary creatinine varies with microenvironment and sex in hibernating Greater Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in Korea2021

    • Author(s)
      Ryu Heungjin、Kinoshita Kodzue、Joo Sungbae、Kim Sun-Sook
    • Journal Title

      BMC Ecology and Evolution

      Volume: 21 Issue: 1 Pages: 77-77

    • DOI

      10.1186/s12862-021-01802-z

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A field‐friendly method of measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration as a simple stress checker in snow leopards2021

    • Author(s)
      Kinoshita Kodzue
    • Journal Title

      Methods in Ecology and Evolution

      Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 1734-1746

    • DOI

      10.1111/2041-210x.13658

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Plant‐eating carnivores: Multispecies analysis on factors influencing the frequency of plant occurrence in obligate carnivores2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura Hiroto、Hirata Satoshi、Kinoshita Kodzue
    • Journal Title

      Ecology and Evolution

      Volume: 11 Issue: 16 Pages: 10968-10983

    • DOI

      10.1002/ece3.7885

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Age estimation using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in both healthy felines and those with chronic kidney disease2021

    • Author(s)
      Qi Huiyuan、Kinoshita Kodzue、Mori Takashi、Matsumoto Kaori、Matsui Yukiko、Inoue-Murayama Miho
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 3106-3106

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-021-99424-4

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The tail-tale of stress: an exploratory analysis of cortisol levels in the tail-hair of captive Asian elephants2021

    • Author(s)
      Pokharel Sanjeeta Sharma、Yoneda Hiroki、Yanagi Moe、Sukumar Raman、Kinoshita Kodzue
    • Journal Title

      PeerJ

      Volume: 9 Pages: 10445-10445

    • DOI

      10.7717/peerj.10445

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 小さな動物園による野生下での研究への貢献:ユキヒョウの保全研究への協力を例として2020

    • Author(s)
      冨澤奏子, 伴 和幸, 木下こづえ, 木下さとみ, Kubanychbek Jumabay uulu, 椎原春一
    • Journal Title

      ヒマラヤ学誌

      Volume: 20

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 近赤外分光法を用いた動物の簡易かつ迅速な生理モニタリング法の開発について2020

    • Author(s)
      木下こづえ
    • Journal Title

      哺乳類科学

      Volume: 60 Pages: 297-305

    • NAID

      130007884424

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of the Wild Tsushima Leopard Cat from Genome-Wide Analysis2020

    • Author(s)
      Ito Hideyuki、Nakajima Nobuyoshi、Onuma Manabu、Murayama Miho
    • Journal Title

      Animals

      Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 1375-1375

    • DOI

      10.3390/ani10081375

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 絶滅危惧動物種の保全への遺伝的多様性データの活用2023

    • Author(s)
      村山美穂,佐藤悠,伊藤英之
    • Organizer
      日本生態学会第70回全国大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Age estimation of Tsushima leopard cats based on blood DNA methylation2022

    • Author(s)
      Qi H, Nakajima N, Iwashita A, Hata D, Kinoshita K, Inoue-Murayama M
    • Organizer
      The 15th International Conference of Asian Society of Conservation Medicine
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effect of Oxytocin on the Inter-species Relationship Between Horse and Human2022

    • Author(s)
      China Kobayashi, Monamie Ringhofer, Kodzue Kinoshita, Yasuhiko Ikeda, Kenji Miyata, Shinya Yamamoto
    • Organizer
      日本動物心理学会第82回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 放飼時間がチーターの匂いコミュニケーション行動の頻度に与える影響と効率的な観察時間の解明2022

    • Author(s)
      野澤重穂, 津久井健太,木下こづえ,山本俊昭,嶌本 樹
    • Organizer
      第28回日本野生動物医学会大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 糞中ストレスホルモン分析と行動解析によるツシマヤマネコのストレス評価2022

    • Author(s)
      田中千聖,木下こづえ,岩下明生,木滑黄平,伊谷原一
    • Organizer
      第28回日本野生動物医学会大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ヒグマにおける血液DNAのメチル化率を指標とした年齢推定の試み2022

    • Author(s)
      中村汐里,山﨑淳平,松本直也,伊藤英之,村山美穂,斉 惠元,木下こづえ,山中正実,柳川洋二郎,佐鹿万里子,坪田敏男,下鶴倫人
    • Organizer
      第165回日本獣医学会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 希少ネコ科動物たちの生理状態を知る2022

    • Author(s)
      木下こづえ
    • Organizer
      日本動物心理学会第82回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] アムールヒョウの行動学的保定下用手採精による精液性状の基礎研究2022

    • Author(s)
      小澤賢一,東美緒,北濱健太,大塚亮真,金子武人,木下こづえ
    • Organizer
      第5回保全繁殖研究会大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Ex situ conservation of endangered wildlife, Tsushima leopard cats and Okinawa rails, using germ cells2021

    • Author(s)
      Fujihara M, Kinoshita K, Ito H, Kusuda S, Otsuka R, Kaneko T, Nagamine T, Onuma M, Nakaya Y, Kawashima T, Inoue-Murayama M
    • Organizer
      The 14th Asian Society of Conservation Medicine/ 27th Japanese Society of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2021 Joint Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Relationship between stress hormone concentration and behavioral changes in captive Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)2021

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka C, Kinoshita K, Iwashita A, Idani G
    • Organizer
      The 16th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Reproductive physiology of Iriomote cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis)2021

    • Author(s)
      Kuriyama Y, Kinoshita K, Izawa M, Idani G
    • Organizer
      The 16th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Plants for carnivores: Metabarcoding analysis of wild snow leopards (Panthera uncia) focusing on dietary plant species2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura H, Hayakawa T, Qi H, Kikuchi DM, Jumabay-Uulu K, Sharma K, Hirata S, Kinoshita K
    • Organizer
      The 16th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluating stressors in captive Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) based on stress hormone concentration and behavioral changes2021

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka C, Kinoshita K, Iwashita A, Idani G
    • Organizer
      The 17th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] How can we get information from old fecal samples of Iriomote cats?: Methods for species identification, sex determination, and hormone measurements2021

    • Author(s)
      Kuriyama Y, Kinoshita K, Izawa M, Murayama M, Idani G
    • Organizer
      The 17th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Over-marking contributes to mate-encounter in solitary animals2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura H, Inoue S, Hirata S, Kinoshita K
    • Organizer
      The 58th Annual Conference of the Animal Behavior Society
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cortisol as a clue of physiological stress: Decoding in extant species and its insights into extinct species2021

    • Author(s)
      Pokharel SS, Brown J, Kinoshita K, Seshagiri PB, Sukumar R
    • Organizer
      VIII International Conference on Mammoths and their Relatives
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Metabarcoding of Fecal DNA Indicates Frequent Plant Consumption in Wild Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia)2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura H, Hayakawa T, Qi H, Sugimoto T, Kikuchi DM, Jumabay-Uulu K, Sharma K, Hirata S, Kinoshita K
    • Organizer
      The 17th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] DNAメチル化を指標としたネコ科動物の年齢推定2021

    • Author(s)
      斉 惠元,木下こづえ,森 尚志,松本佳織,松井由希子,村山美穂
    • Organizer
      DNA多型学会第30回学術集会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] あなたはどこ?配偶者探索における匂いづけ行動の効果の検証2021

    • Author(s)
      義村弘仁,井上漱太,平田 聡,木下こづえ
    • Organizer
      第3回共調的社会脳研究会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] モンゴル高山域に生息するアイベックスの遺伝的多様性2021

    • Author(s)
      杉本太郎、Chimeddorj B、Erdenebaatar S、Gantulga B、Munkhtogtokh O
    • Organizer
      日本DNA多型学会第30回学術集会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The genetic diversity, structure and demographic history in Tsushima leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)2021

    • Author(s)
      Ito H, Nakajima, N Onuma M, Murayama M
    • Organizer
      The 14th Asian Society of Conservation Medicine/ 27th Japanese Society of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2021 Joint Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Preliminary analysis on the epigenetic age estimation of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)2021

    • Author(s)
      Arai K, Inoue-Murayama M
    • Organizer
      The 16th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Estimating Epigenetic Age in Okinawa rail (Hypotaenidia okinawae) using Methylation-Sensitive High-Resolution Melting (MS-HRM)2021

    • Author(s)
      Suzuki S, Qi H, Naito-Liederbach AM, Nakaya Y, Nagamine T, Onuma M, Inoue-Murayama M
    • Organizer
      The 17th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Rotational exhibit and scent communication in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia)2020

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura H, Matsui Y, Takatsu K, Kudo S, Kusano K, Matsumoto K, Hirata S, Kinoshita K
    • Organizer
      The 14th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Does Over-marking Effective on Mate Search?A Mathematical Simulation2020

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura H, Inoue S, Hirata S, Kinoshita K
    • Organizer
      The 15th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Analysing plant eating in snow leopards using behaviour and scat2020

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimura H, Qui H, Kikuchi DM, Matsui Y, Fukushima K, Kudo S, Ban T, Kusano K, Nagano D, Hara M, Sato Y, Takatsu K, Hirata S, Kinoshita K
    • Organizer
      The 57th Annual Conference of the Animal Behavior Society
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] DNAメチル化解析によるネコ科年齢推定:予報2020

    • Author(s)
      斉 惠元,木下こづえ,森尚志, 大蔵佳織, 松井由子,井上-村山美穂
    • Organizer
      第68回日本生態学会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ゲノム情報を活用した野生動物の保全2020

    • Author(s)
      村山美穂
    • Organizer
      バーチャル研究会「生物多様性のDNA情報学~自然の計測と生命の理解のために」
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Getting basic information of wild animals through genetic approaches2020

    • Author(s)
      Murayama M
    • Organizer
      14th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Book] どうぶつのわかっていること・わかっていないこと2022

    • Author(s)
      木下さとみ(木下こづえ他、京都大学野生動物研究センター監修)
    • Total Pages
      40
    • Publisher
      小学館集英社プロダクション
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 心の進化を遺伝子からみる『レジリエンス人類史』2022

    • Author(s)
      村山美穂(稲村哲也・山極壽一・阿部健一(編著))
    • Total Pages
      526
    • Publisher
      京都大学学術出版
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-04-28   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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