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赤色矮星まわりのスーパーアースの大気観測とその統計的性質の調査

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20J21872
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section国内
Review Section Basic Section 17010:Space and planetary sciences-related
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

森 万由子  東京大学, 理学系研究科, 特別研究員(DC1)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-24 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Keywords系外惑星 / トランジット法 / 透過分光 / 黒点 / 赤色矮星 / 磁気活動 / 惑星の発見確認 / 恒星
Outline of Research at the Start

低温の赤色矮星の周りを回る、地球の1~3倍のサイズの系外惑星、いわゆる「スーパーアース」について、その大気の存在を観測的に調べ、これまで明らかになっていなかったその性質を明らかにする。研究の手法として、宇宙望遠鏡TESSによって発見されてきた惑星候補天体の中から惑星大気観測に適したターゲットを選定し、すばる望遠鏡などの大型の望遠鏡による観測を行う。惑星が星の前を横切る現象「トランジット」の際に分光観測を行い、そのデータを解析することで、惑星に広がった水素大気が存在するかどうかを判定する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究課題の中で主に以下の2つの研究に取り組んできた。
1. 大気観測に適した系外惑星を発見するため、トランジット観測(惑星が恒星の前を横切る時の減光量を見る観測)を用いて、宇宙望遠鏡TESSで見つかった惑星候補天体が本当に惑星であることを確認し、その性質を詳細に調べた。
2. 惑星大気組成を測定するためのトランジット分光観測において、恒星黒点はシグナルを歪めてしまう影響がある(トランジット光源効果)。赤色矮星におけるこの影響の程度を探るため、前年度から引き続き、サブネプチューンサイズの惑星を持つ赤色矮星K2-25の測光観測・解析を行ってきた。
地上望遠鏡と宇宙望遠鏡を活用し集中的な観測を行ったことで、これまでM型星に対して測定された中でも不確かさ100K以下という良い測定精度で黒点温度を求めることができた。また、得られた黒点温度が経験則から導かれるよりも恒星表面温度に近い値を示すことがわかった。ここから導かれるトランジット光源効果の程度は、ジェームズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡(JWST)での観測を想定した場合に大気シグナルの誤った検出に繋がりうる程度であることがわかった。この研究結果はK2-25bの将来的な大気観測にとって重要な情報となる。また、この研究の中で確立した測光・解析の手法および作成したパイプラインを用いて今後はより多数の赤色矮星について黒点温度・分布の制限を行っていく予定である。本研究内容は博士論文の一部としてまとめ、現在投稿論文を準備中である。

Research Progress Status

令和4年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和4年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (44 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (26 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 24 results,  Peer Reviewed: 24 results,  Open Access: 23 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias(スペイン)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University College London(英国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Universite UVSQ(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias(スペイン)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University College London(英国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Universite UVSQ(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] An Earth-sized Planet around an M5 Dwarf Star at 22 pc2023

    • Author(s)
      Hirano Teruyuki、Dai Fei、Livingston John H.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 165 Issue: 3 Pages: 131-131

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/acb7e1

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions2022

    • Author(s)
      Christian Sam, Vanderburg Andrew, Becker Juliette, et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 163 Issue: 5 Pages: 207-207

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac517f

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TOI-1696: A Nearby M4 Dwarf with a 3 R_Earth Planet in the Neptunian Desert2022

    • Author(s)
      Mori Mayuko、Livingston John H.、Leon Jerome de、Narita Norio、Hirano Teruyuki、et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 163 Issue: 6 Pages: 298-298

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac6bf8

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-12722022

    • Author(s)
      MacDougall Mason G., Petigura Erik A., Fetherolf Tara., et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 164 Issue: 3 Pages: 97-97

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Validation and atmospheric exploration of the sub-Neptune TOI-2136b around a nearby M3 dwarf2022

    • Author(s)
      Kawauchi K.、Murgas F.、Palle E.、Narita N.、Fukui A.、Hirano T.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 666 Pages: A4-A4

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202243381

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A hot sub-Neptune in the desert and a temperate super-Earth around faint M dwarfs2022

    • Author(s)
      Esparza-Borges E.、Parviainen H.、Murgas F.、Pall? E.、Maas A.、Morello G.、Zapatero-Osorio M. R.、Barkaoui K.、Narita N.、Fukui A.、Casasayas-Barris N.、Oshagh M.、Crouzet N.、Gal?n D.、Fern?ndez G. E.、Kagetani T.、Kawauchi K.、Kodama T.、and co-authors
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 666 Pages: A10-A10

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202243731

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TOI-1468: A system of two transiting planets, a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune, on opposite sides of the radius valley2022

    • Author(s)
      Chaturvedi P.、...、 Kodama T.(39)、and co-authors
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 666 Pages: A155-A155

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202244056

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf2022

    • Author(s)
      Delrez L.、Murray C. A.、Pozuelos F. J.、Narita N.、Ducrot E.、Timmermans M.、Watanabe N.、Burgasser A. J.、Hirano T.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 667 Pages: A59-A59

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202244041

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Near-infrared transmission spectrum of TRAPPIST-1 h using<i>Hubble</i>WFC3 G141 observations2022

    • Author(s)
      Gressier A., Mori M., Changeat Q., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 658 Pages: A133-A133

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202142140

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets2022

    • Author(s)
      Giacalone S et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 163 Issue: 2 Pages: 99-99

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac4334

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Nodal precession of WASP-33b for 11 yr by Doppler tomographic and transit photometric observations2022

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe Noriharu、Narita Norio、Palle Enric、Fukui Akihiko、Kusakabe Nobuhiko、Parviainen Hannu、Murgas Felipe、Casasayas-Barris Nuria、Johnson Marshall C、Sato Bun’ei、Livingston John H、de Leon Jerome P、Mori Mayuko、Nishiumi Taku、Terada Yuka、Esparza-Borges Emma、Kawauchi Kiyoe
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 512 Issue: 3 Pages: 4404-4418

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stac620

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Mass and density of the transiting hot and rocky super-Earth LHS 1478 b (TOI-1640 b)2021

    • Author(s)
      Soto M. G.、Anglada-Escude G.、Dreizler S.、...., Hirano T., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 649 Pages: A144-A144

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202140618

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Two Bright M Dwarfs Hosting Ultra-Short-Period Super-Earths with Earth-like Compositions*2021

    • Author(s)
      Hirano T et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 162 Issue: 4 Pages: 161-161

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac0fdc

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TOI-1749: an M dwarf with a Trio of Planets including a Near-resonant Pair2021

    • Author(s)
      Fukui A et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 162 Issue: 4 Pages: 167-167

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac13a5

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Magellan-TESS Survey. I. Survey Description and Midsurvey Results* †2021

    • Author(s)
      Teske Johanna, Wang Sharon Xuesong, Wolfgang Angie, et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

      Volume: 256 Issue: 2 Pages: 33-33

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4365/ac0f0a

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TESS-Keck Survey. V. Twin Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 639352021

    • Author(s)
      Scarsdale N. et al. (including Fukui A.)
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 162 Issue: 5 Pages: 215-215

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ac18cb

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Is the orbit of the exoplanet WASP-43b really decaying? <i>TESS</i> and MuSCAT2 observations confirm no detection2021

    • Author(s)
      Garai Z et al.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 508 Issue: 4 Pages: 5514-5523

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stab2929

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TOI-2285b: A 1.7 Earth-radius planet near the habitable zone around a nearby M dwarf2021

    • Author(s)
      Fukui A et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 74 Issue: 1 Pages: L1-L8

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psab106

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] An ultrahot Neptune in the Neptune desert2020

    • Author(s)
      Jenkins J. S et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Astronomy

      Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Pages: 1148-1157

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41550-020-1142-z

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Three short-period Jupiters from TESS2020

    • Author(s)
      Nielsen L. D.、Brahm R.、Bouchy F.、Espinoza N.、Turner O. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 639 Pages: A76-A76

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202037941

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Obliquity measurement and atmospheric characterisation of the WASP-74 planetary system2020

    • Author(s)
      Luque R.、Casasayas-Barris N.、Parviainen H.、Chen G.、Pall? E.、Livingston J.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 642 Pages: A50-A50

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202038703

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs2020

    • Author(s)
      Nowak G.、Luque R.、Parviainen H.、...、Hirano T.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 642 Pages: A173-A173

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202037867

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)2020

    • Author(s)
      Kemmer J.、Stock S.、Kossakowski D.、Kaminski A.、Molaverdikhani K.、Schlecker M.、Caballero J. A.、Amado P. J.、Astudillo-Defru N.、Bonfils X.、Ciardi D.、Collins K. A.、Espinoza N.、Fukui A.、Hirano T.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 642 Pages: A236-A236

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202038967

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] TOI-519 b: A short-period substellar object around an M dwarf validated using multicolour photometry and phase curve analysis2020

    • Author(s)
      Parviainen H.、Palle E.、Zapatero-Osorio M. R.、Nowak G.、Fukui A.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 645 Pages: A16-A16

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202038934

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Habitable-zone Super-Earth LHS 1140 b2020

    • Author(s)
      Edwards Billy、Changeat Quentin、Mori Mayuko、Anisman Lara O.、Morvan Mario、Yip Kai Hou、Tsiaras Angelos、Al-Refaie Ahmed、Waldmann Ingo、Tinetti Giovanna
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 161 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-44

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/abc6a5

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] An enhanced slope in the transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-104b2020

    • Author(s)
      Chen G、Pall? E、Parviainen H、Wang H、van?Boekel R、Murgas F、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 500 Issue: 4 Pages: 5420-5435

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/staa3555

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 多色測光観測による若いM型星K2-25の磁気活動とその惑星トランジット観測への影響調査2023

    • Author(s)
      森万由子、幾田佳、福井暁彦、成田憲保
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会 2023年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems Around M-dwarfs and Their Stellar Activities2023

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori
    • Organizer
      光赤天連博士論文発表会・研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 系外惑星のトランジット多色観測における恒星活動の影響について2022

    • Author(s)
      森万由子、幾田佳、福井暁彦、成田憲保
    • Organizer
      Stellar magnetic activity workshop 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Validation of TOI-1696 b: a temperate planet in the Neptunian desert around a nearby M dwarf2022

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori, John Livingston, Jerome de Leon, et al.
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合(JpGU) 2022年大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ground-based multi-color observations of a young mid-M dwarf K2-25 to assess the effect of stellar activities on planetary transits2022

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori, Kai Ikuta, Akihiko Fukui, Norio Narita
    • Organizer
      Cool Stars 21
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A warm Sub-Neptune transiting the M3 dwarf TOI 16962021

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori, John Livingston, Jerome de Leon, et al.
    • Organizer
      TESS Science Conference II
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] M3型星まわりのサブネプチューンTOI1696.01 の発見確認2021

    • Author(s)
      森万由子、John Livingston, Jerome de Leon, et al.
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会 2021年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] JWST時代の系外惑星大気観測とその課題2021

    • Author(s)
      森万由子
    • Organizer
      ISAS宇宙生命探査シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The stellar surface effects on transmission spectroscopy: The importance of simultaneous observation in a wide wavelength range2021

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori et al.
    • Organizer
      Ariel Virtual Consortium Meeting
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ground-based Transmission Spectroscopy of TRAPPIST-1g2020

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori, Akihiko Fukui, Norio Narita et al.
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Characterization of Exoplanets by the Synergy of SWIMS and MuSCAT32020

    • Author(s)
      Mayuko Mori, Norio Narita, Akihiko Fukui
    • Organizer
      SWIMS-on-Subaru Workshop
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 地上望遠鏡を用いた TRAPPIST-1g トランジット分光による惑星大気と主星 表面の不均一性の解析2020

    • Author(s)
      森万由子 他
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会 2020年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-07-07   Modified: 2024-03-26  

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