Analog Digital Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuit Architecture based on Integer Theory

• Project/Area Number: 21K04190
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 21060:Electron device and electronic equipment-related
• Research Institution: Gunma University
• Principal Investigator: 小林 春夫 群馬大学, 大学院理工学府, 教授 (20292625)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 桑名 杏奈 群馬大学, 大学院理工学府, 助教 (00624628)
• Project Period (FY): 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2022)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000); Fiscal Year 2023: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
• Keywords: AD変換器 / DA変換器 / 時間デジタイザ回路 / 整数論 / ダイナミックマッチング / AD変換器の評価技術 / 非同期逐次比較AD変換器 / 緩和DA変換器 / アナログ回路 / デジタル回路 / 集積回路 / 古典数学

Outline of Research at the Start

整数論に示されているよう整数には面白い性質がたくさんある。しかしアナログ・デジタル変換回路(AD変換器)やデジタル・アナログ変換回路(DA変換器)等のアナログ・デジタル混載回路の設計ではそれを積極的に利用した方法論はほとんどない。整数の面白い性質を積極的に利用してアナログ・デジタル混載回路の新規アーキテクチャおよびその有効なテスト手法を研究する。半分がデジタル回路であるアナログ・デジタル混載回路の設計とテスト技術に整数の面白い性質を活用できる可能性がある。勘と経験の世界であったこの分野の設計に整数論を理論的・体系的に適用し、高性能な回路構成を考案していく。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

(1)緩和DA変換器で正電圧出力のRC低域フィルタをCR広域低域フィルタに置き換えることで正負の両方の極性を出力できる方式を、2進数の2の補数表現の考察から導出した。(2) ユナリ型DA変換器での2次元レイアウト配列の単位セル特性のシステマテックミスマッチの影響を軽減し、スプリアスを低減するための　魔方陣・ラテン方陣・ナイトツアー等の2次元疑似乱数アルゴリズムを適用して効果をシミュレーション検証した。(3) 多角数定理、素数のゴールドバッファ予想に基づくDA変換器構成を考案し、アナログ回路部、デコーダ回路の設計を行い、また素子特性のミスマッチの影響を低減するためのダイナミックマッチング法を考案し、論文にまとめて投稿・掲載された。(4) ユナリ型DA変換器での1次元レイアウト配列の単位セル特性のシステマテックミスマッチの影響を軽減し、スプリアスを低減する回路を小規模で実現する仮想3次元ミスマッチスクランブルリング方式を考案し、シミュレーション検証を行った。(5) ユナリDA変換器での単位セルを並び替え線形性を向上させるアルゴリズムを開発した。(6) 改良ホップフィールド回路網を用い、抵抗をスイッチドキャパシタ回路で置き換えることで小チップ面積で実現できる高速非同期逐次比較近似AD変換器を考案し、シミュレーション検証った。(7) 貴金属比サンプリング技術を開発し、時間デジタイザ回路の線形性自己校正技術、AD変換器のヒストグラム法による評価技術への応用を行い、それぞれ論文を投稿し掲載された。(8) グレイコード出力折り返し型AD変換器を電荷領域構成で容易に実現できる構成を考案した。またその応用としてマルチビット拡張レズリー・サイ型デルタシグマAD変調器を考案し、その性質を明確にした。これらをそれぞれ論文発表を行った。

Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

当初予定していたより多い博士後期課程学生4名、博士前期課程学生4名、学部4年生1名がこの研究テーマに加わった。そのため彼ら/彼女らの博士論文、修士論文、学士論文の作成のため外部と共同研究を行い、その結果この研究に関与した研究者が増えたため、予定より大きな成果を達成することができた。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

AD変換器、DA変換器、時間デジタイザ回路に冗長性をもたせることで、一部回路が誤動作した場合でもそれを全体としてリカバーでき正しい最終出力値を得ることができるデジタル誤差補正技術を整数論を用いて考案していく。またこれまでの研究成果をまとめるレビュー論文の作成、および研究内容の専門書の執筆を行っていく。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Relaxation DAC with positive and negative polarity output using high-pass filter (2023)
  • Author(s): Lengkhang Nengvang, Shogo Katayama, Anna Kuwana, Kazufumi Naganuma, Kiyoshi Sasai, Akihisa Iikura, Akira Asao, Takuya Watanabe, Katsuaki Morishita, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: IEICE Electronics Express Volume: 20 Issue: 4 Pages: 20220536-20220536
  • DOI: 10.1587/elex.20.20220536
  • ISSN: 1349-2543
  • Year and Date: 2023-02-25
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Segmented DAC Unit Cell Selection Algorithm and Layout/Routing Based on Classical Mathematics (2023)
  • Author(s): Dan Yao, Xueyan Bai, Anna Kuwana, Kazuyuki Kawauchi, Yujie Zhao, Jianglin Wei, Shogo Katayama, Masashi Higashino, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Intelligent System Volume: 6 Pages: 13-30
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Unit cell mismatch scrambling method for high-resolution unary DAC based on virtual 3D layout (2022)
  • Author(s): Dan Yao, Xuanyan Bai, Shogo Katayama, Anna Kuwana, Kazuyuki Kawauchi, Haruo Kobayashi, Kouji Hirai, Akira Suzuki, Satoshi Yamada, Tomoyuki Kato, Ritsuko Kitakoga, Takeshi Shimamura, Gopal Adhikari, Nobuto Ono, Kazuhiro Miura, Shigeya Yamaguchi
  • Journal Title: IEICE Electronics Express Volume: 19 Issue: 24 Pages: 20220430-20220430
  • DOI: 10.1587/elex.19.20220430
  • ISSN: 1349-2543
  • Year and Date: 2022-12-25
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Asynchronous capacitive SAR ADC based on Hopfield network (2022)
  • Author(s): Xueyan Bai, Shogo Katayama, Dan Yao, Anna Kuwana, Zifei Xu, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: IEICE Electronics Express Volume: 19 Issue: 18 Pages: 20220276-20220276
  • DOI: 10.1587/elex.19.20220276
  • ISSN: 1349-2543
  • Year and Date: 2022-09-25
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Self-Calibration of Two Reference Voltages Ratio For Two-Step Incremental Delta-Sigma ADC (2022)
  • Author(s): Lengkhang Nengvang, Shogo Katayama, Jianglin Wei, Lei Sha, Tri Minh Tran, Anna Kuwana, Kazufumi Naganuma, Kiyoshi Sasai, Junichi Saito, Katsuaki Morishita, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Intelligent System Volume: 5 Pages: 7-19
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Charge Domain Folding ADC for Multi-bit ΔΣ AD Modulator (2022)
  • Author(s): Xiongyan Li, Tianrui Feng, Lengkhang Nengvang, Haijun Lin, Shogo Katayama, Jianglin Wei, Anna Kuwana, Kazufumi Naganuma, Kiyoshi Sasai, Junichi Saito, Katsuaki Morishita, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Technology and Social Science Volume: 2 Pages: 27-37
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Derivation of digital-to-analog converter architectures based on number theory (2022)
  • Author(s): Xueyan Bai, Dan Yao, Yuanyang Du, Minh Tri Tran, Shogo Katayama, Jianglin Wei, Yujie Zhao, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi Kubo
  • Journal Title: Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume: 6 Pages: 1-10
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Study of analog-to-digital mixed integrated circuit configuration using number theorys (2022)
  • Author(s): Haruo Kobayashi, Anna Kuwana
  • Journal Title: Science Impact Ltd, Impact Volume: 2022 Issue: 3 Pages: 9-13
  • DOI: 10.21820/23987073.2022.3.9
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] Revisit to Histogram Method for ADC Linearity Test: Examination of Input Signal and Ratio of Input and Sampling Frequencies (2022)
  • Author(s): Yujie Zhao, Kentaroh Katoh, Anna Kuwana, Shogo Katayama, Jianglin Wei, Haruo Kobayashi, Takayuki Nakatani, Kazumi Hatayama, Keno Sato, Takashi Ishida, Toshiyuki Okamoto, Tamotsu Ichikawa
  • Journal Title: Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications, Springer Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-100
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10836-022-05988-y
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Metallic Ratio Equivalent-Time Sampling and Application to TDC Linearity Calibration (2022)
  • Author(s): Shuhei Yamamoto, Yuto Sasaki, Yujie Zhao, Anna Kuwana, Kentaroh Katoh, Zheming Zhang, Jianglin Wei, Tri Minh Tran, Shogo Katayama, Keno Sato, Takashi Ishida, Toshiyuki Okamoto, Tamotsu Ichikawa,Takayuki Nakatani, Kazumi Hatayama, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-100
  • DOI: 10.1109/tdmr.2022.3159741
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Frequency Estimation Sampling Circuit with Hilbert Filter and Proactive Usage of Aliasing Phenomenon (2021)
  • Author(s): Yudai Abe, Shogo Katayama, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Intelligent System Volume: 4 Pages: 25-34
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Recent Innovation of Waveform Acquisition Methods: Residue Sampling and Metallic Ratio Sampling (2022)
  • Author(s): Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: 11th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Evaluation of Code Selective Histogram Algorithm For ADC Linearity Test (2022)
  • Author(s): Yujie Zhao
  • Organizer: International Conference On Consumer Electronics, Asia
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Waveform Sampling Technologies for Next Generation Communication and IoT Systems (2022)
  • Author(s): Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: International Conferencer on Technology and Social Science
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Time-to-Digital Converter Linearity Calibrationwith Metallic Ratio Sampling (2022)
  • Author(s): Shuhei Yamamoto
  • Organizer: International Conferencer on Technology and Social Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] High-Resolution Unary DAC Unit Cell Sorting Algorithms for Linearity Improvement with Measured Unit Cell Values (2022)
  • Author(s): Kaiki Okabe
  • Organizer: International Conferencer on Technology and Social Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Segmented DAC Linearity Improvement Algorithm Using Unit Cell Sorted Alternately with Digital Method (2022)
  • Author(s): Yi Liu
  • Organizer: 24th Workshop on Synthesis And System Integration of Mixed Information technologies
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Recent Innovation of Waveform Acquisition Methods: Residue Sampling and Metallic Ratio Sampling (2022)
  • Author(s): Haruo Kobayashi, Anna Kuwana, Shogo Katayama, Shuhei Yamamoto, Yujie Zhao, Kentaroh Katoh, Yonglun Yan, Koji Asami, Masahiro Ishida
  • Organizer: 11th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Optimization of Segmented DAC Linearity Improvement Algorithm Using Unit Cell Sorting with Digital Method (2022)
  • Author(s): Yi Liu, Anna Kuwana, Shogo Katayama, Xiongyan Li, Atsushi Motozawa, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: The 31st International Workshop on Post-Binary ULSI Systems
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Pseudo Random Number Generation Algorithms with Fibonacci Sequence (2022)
  • Author(s): Ryuya Ohta, Anna Kuwana, Shogo Katayama, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: The 31st International Workshop on Post-Binary ULSI Systems
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 信号推定アルゴリズムのADC評価への応用 (2022)
  • Author(s): 梁取友貴, 桑名杏奈,片山翔吾,佐藤賢央, 石田嵩, 岡本智之, 市川保, 中谷隆之, 畠山一実, 小林春夫
  • Organizer: 2021年度（第12回）電気学会東京支部 群馬支所・栃木支所 合同研究発表会
• [Presentation] 単位セル2次元レイアウト配列のユナリDA変換器のダイナミックエレメントマッチング技術 (2022)
  • Author(s): 姚丹, 白雪研, 桑名杏奈, 小林春夫
  • Organizer: 2021年度（第12回）電気学会東京支部 群馬支所・栃木支所 合同研究発表会
• [Presentation] 貴金属比サンプリングを用いた疑似乱数発生アルゴリズム (2022)
  • Author(s): 大田龍弥, 桑名杏奈, 片山翔吾, 小林春夫
  • Organizer: 2021年度（第12回）電気学会東京支部 群馬支所・栃木支所 合同研究発表会
• [Presentation] フラクタルを用いた集積回路での小チップ面積での抵抗実現法 (2022)
  • Author(s): ハミドムハマド ハキブ, 桑名杏奈, 小林春夫
  • Organizer: 2021年度（第12回）電気学会東京支部 群馬支所・栃木支所 合同研究発表会
• [Presentation] 小規模スイッチトキャパシタ回路を用いた非同期SAR ADC (2022)
  • Author(s): 白雪妍, 片山翔吾, 姚丹, 桑名杏奈, 小林春夫
  • Organizer: 2021年度（第12回）電気学会東京支部 群馬支所・栃木支所 合同研究発表会
• [Presentation] Metallic Ratio Equivalent-Time Sampling: A Highly Efficient Waveform Acquisition Method (2021)
  • Author(s): Shuhei Yamamoto, Yuto Sasaki, Yujie Zhao, Jianglin Wei, Anna Kuwana, Keno Sato, Takashi Ishida, Toshiyuki Okamoto, Tamotsu Ichikawa, Takayuki Nakatani, Tri Tran, Shogo Katayama, Kazumi Hatayama, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: the 27th IEEE International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Digital-to-Analog Converter Architectures Based on Goldbach Conjecture for Prime Numbers in Mixed-Signal ULSI (2021)
  • Author(s): Xueyan Bai, Yuanyang Du, Minh Tri Tran, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: 30th International Workshop on Post-Binary ULSI Systems
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Digital-to-Analog Converter Linearity Improvement Technique Based on Classical Number Theory for Modern ULSI (2021)
  • Author(s): Dan Yao, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Kawauchi
  • Organizer: 30th International Workshop on Post-Binary ULSI Systems
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Digital-to-Analog Converter Configuration Based on Non-uniform Current Division Resistive-Ladder (2021)
  • Author(s): Manato Hirai, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yuji Gendai, Shuhei Yamamoto, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: The 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Input Signal and Sampling Frequencies Requirements for Efficient ADC Testing with Histogram Method (2021)
  • Author(s): Yujie Zhao, Anna Kuwana, Shuhei Yamamoto, Yuto Sasaki, Haruo Kobayashi, Tri Minh Tran, Takayuki Nakatani, Kazumi Hatayama, Keno Sato, Takashi Ishida, Toshiyuki Okamoto, Tamotsu Ichikawa, Jianglin Wei, Shogo Katayama
  • Organizer: The 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Folding ADC for Multi-bit ΔΣ AD Modulator (2021)
  • Author(s): Xiongyan Li, Tianrui Feng, Lengkhang Nengvang, Shogo Katayama, Jianglin Wei, Haijun Lin, Kazufumi Naganuma, Kiyoshi Sasai, Junichi Saito, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: International Conference on Analog VLSI Circuits
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Code Selective Histogram Method: Two-Tone Signal for ADC Linearity Test Time Reduction (2021)
  • Author(s): Yujie Zhao, Anna Kuwana, Shogo Katayama, Jianglin Wei, Haruo Kobayashi, Takayuki Nakatani, Kazumi Hatayama, Keno Sato, Takashi Ishida, Toshiyuki Okamoto, Tamotsu Ichikawa,
  • Organizer: International Conference on Analog VLSI Circuits
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Segmented DAC Unit Cell Selection Algorithm and Layout/Routing Based on Euler's Knight Tour (2021)
  • Author(s): Dan Yao, Xueyan Bai, Anna Kuwana, Kazuyuki Kawauchi, Masashi Higashino, Haruo Kobayashi, Akira Suzuki, Satoshi Yamada, Tomoyuki Kato, Nobuto Ono, Kazuhiro Miura, Kouji Hirai, Ritsuko Kitakoga,
  • Organizer: International Conference on Analog VLSI Circuits
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Design of Digital-to-Analog Converter Architectures Based on Polygonal Numbers (2021)
  • Author(s): Xueyan Bai, Dan Yao, Yuanyang Du, Minh Tri Tran, Anna Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi Kubo,
  • Organizer: International Conference on Analog VLSI Circuits
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Classical Mathematics and Analog/Mixed-Signal IC Design (2021)
  • Author(s): Haruo Kobayashi, Xueyan Bai, Yujie Zhao, Shuhei Yamamoto, Dan Yao, Manato Hirai, Jianglin Wei, Shogo Katayama, Anna Kuwana,
  • Organizer: IEEE 14th International Conference on ASIC
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Application of Residue Sampling to RF/AMS Device Testing (2021)
  • Author(s): Shogo Katayama, Yudai Abe, Anna Kuwana, Koji Asami, Masahiro Ishida, Ryuya Ohta, Haruo Kobayashi
  • Organizer: 30th IEEE Asian Test Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Smart Mathematics Leads to Sophisticated Analog/Mixed-Signal Circuit (2021)
  • Author(s): Haruo Kobayashi, Xueyan Bai, Yujie Zhao, Shuhei Yamamoto, Dan Yao, Manato Hirai, Jianglin Wei, Shogo Katayama, Anna Kuwana,
  • Organizer: 5th International Conference on Technology and Social Science
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] ヒストグラム法による効率的ADC試験のための入力周波数とサンプリング周波数の関係の検討 (2021)
  • Author(s): 趙宇杰, 桑名 杏奈, 山本修平, 佐々木 優斗, 小林 春夫, チャン ミン チー, 片山翔吾, 魏江林, 中谷 隆之, 畠山 一実, 佐藤 賢央, 石田 嵩, 岡本 智之, 市川 保
  • Organizer: 第83回FTC研究会