ACCELERATION OF FOCUSED ULTRASOUND TREATMENT BY HIGH-INTENSITY TRIGGER PULSES

• Project/Area Number: 22300176
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Medical systems
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: UMEMURA Shinichiro 東北大学, 大学院・医工学研究科, 教授 (20402787)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): YOSHIZAWA Shin 東北大学, 大学院・工学研究科, 准教授 (30455802)
• Project Period (FY): 2010 – 2012
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2012)
• Budget Amount: ¥18,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,170,000); Fiscal Year 2012: ¥5,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,290,000); Fiscal Year 2011: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000); Fiscal Year 2010: ¥7,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,740,000)
• Keywords: 医用超音波システム / 集束超音波治療 / 超音波治療 / 集束強力超音波 / 加熱凝固 / キャビテーション / 高速度カメラ / 分調波検出 / 生体模擬ゲル

Research Abstract

The generation of cavitated microbubbles which can potentially enhance ultrasonic heating of biological tissue was studied using a high-speed camera. An optically transparent gel with tissue-mimicking ultrasonic properties was developed and used. The generation was confirmed at an ultrasonic intensity more than the order of 10 kW/cm2. It was localized in the focal region at a pulse duration less than the order of 100 μs. The throughput of ultrasonic thermal coagulation of excised tissue was markedly improved by the generated microbubbles. Furthermore, it was discovered that the ultrasonic intensity needed for generating such cavitated microbubbles can be significantly reduced by superimposing the second harmonic to the fundamental.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Thermal Simulation of Cavitation-Enhanced Ultrasonic Heating Verified with Tissue-Mimicking Gel (2012)
  • Author(s): Tatsuya Moriyama
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 51 Issue: 7S Pages: 07GF27-07GF27
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.51.07gf27
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Three-Dimensional Quantitative Optical Measurement of Asymmetrically Focused Ultrasound Pressure Field (2012)
  • Author(s): Yuta Shimazaki
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 51 Issue: 7S Pages: 07GF25-07GF25
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.51.07gf25
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] High Voltage Staircase Drive Circuit for Triggered High-Intensity (2012)
  • Author(s): Keisuke Takada
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 51 Issue: 7S Pages: 07GF23-07GF23
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.51.07gf23
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Therapeutic Array Transducer Element Using Coresonance (2012)
  • Author(s): Kenji Otsu
  • Journal Title: DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.51.07GF24 Volume: 51
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Monitoring of Lesion Induced by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2012)
  • Author(s): Ryo Matsuzawa
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 51 Issue: 7S Pages: 07GF26-07GF26
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.51.07gf26
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology (2012)
  • Author(s): J. Shimizu
  • Journal Title: ULTRASOUND SAFETY WITH MIDFREQUENCY TRANSCRANIAL SONOTHROMBOLYSIS: PRELIMINARY STUDY ON NORMAL MACACA MONKEY BRAIN Volume: 38 Pages: 1040-1050
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A Clinical Trial of Ultrasound Treatment for TRAP Sequence (2011)
  • Author(s): Ichizuka kiyotake
  • Journal Title: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume: vol. 40, no. 4 Issue: 4 Pages: 476-478
  • DOI: 10.1002/uog.11114
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] UltrasonicCoagulation of Large Tissue Region by Generating Multiple Cavitation Clouds in Direction Perpendicular to Ultrasound Propagation (2011)
  • Author(s): Y. Inaba, T. Moriyama, S. Yoshizawa and S. Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: vol. 50, no. 7 Issue: 7S Pages: 07HF13-07HF13
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.50.07hf13
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Cavitation Inception by Dual-Frequency Excitation in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment (2011)
  • Author(s): R. Takagi, S. Yoshizawa and S.Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: vol. 50, no. 7 Issue: 7S Pages: 07HF14-07HF14
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.50.07hf14
  • NAID: 210000070963
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Phase Change Nanodroplets and Microbubbles Generated from Them as Sources of Chemically Active Cavitation (2011)
  • Author(s): K. Kawabata, T. Maruoka, R. Asami and S. Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: vol. 50, no. 7 Issue: 7S Pages: 07HE06-07HE06
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.50.07he06
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Analysis of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Source Using Time Reversal : Effect of Lamb-Lake Waves (2011)
  • Author(s): Y.Kaneshima, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 50 Issue: 4R Pages: 47301-47301
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.50.047301
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Breathing-Mode Ceramic Element for Therapeutic Array Transducer (2011)
  • Author(s): K.Otsu, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 50 Issue: 7S Pages: 07HC02-07HC02
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.50.07hc02
  • NAID: 210000070885
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Quantitative Measurement of Focused Ultrasound Pressure Field Using Subtraction Shadowgraph (2011)
  • Author(s): R.Omura, Y.Shimazaki, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 50 Issue: 7S Pages: 07HC07-07HC07
  • DOI: 10.1143/jjap.50.07hc07
  • NAID: 210000070890
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Coagulation of Large Regions by Creating Multiple Cavitation Clouds for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment (2010)
  • Author(s): Y.Inaba, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 49
  • NAID: 210000068936
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Enhancement of Localized Heating by Ultrasonically Induced Cavitation in High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment (2010)
  • Author(s): R.Takagi, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 49
  • NAID: 210000068935
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] 超音波加熱治療の高速化を目的とした多点キャビテーション生成による広範囲焼灼手法 (2012)
  • Author(s): 吉澤晋,中村高太郎,浅井歩,安田惇,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第11回日本超音波治療研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 宮崎
  • Year and Date: 2012-11-18
• [Presentation] 高周波重畳法を用いたキャビテーション気泡の効率的な発生に関する研究 (2012)
  • Author(s): 安田惇,浅井歩,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第16回キャビテーションに関するシンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 金沢
• [Presentation] ゲル中でのキャビテーション気泡に対するBSA濃度の影響 (2012)
  • Author(s): 浅井歩,安田惇,岡野裕樹,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2012)
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
• [Presentation] 生体模擬ゲル中での高周波重畳法によるキャビテーションの効率的な発生に関する研究 (2012)
  • Author(s): 安田惇,浅井歩,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2012)
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
• [Presentation] 32ch駆動回路を用いたマルチキャビテーションクラウドの同時生成による広範囲焼灼法 (2012)
  • Author(s): 中村高太郎,浅井歩,高田啓介,佐々木博史,岡野裕樹,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2012)
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
• [Presentation] マイクロ気泡による集束超音波治療の高効率化 (2012)
  • Author(s): 梅村晋一郎,川畑健一,吉澤晋
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2012)
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
• [Presentation] High-speed observation of cavitation bubbles generated at multiple focal spots for bubble-enhansed heating in a large focal region (2012)
  • Author(s): S. Yoshizawa, K. Nakamura, A. Asai, and S. Umemura
  • Organizer: 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS2012)
  • Place of Presentation: Dresden, Germany
• [Presentation] Simultaneous generation of multiple cavitation clouds by phased arraytransducer (2012)
  • Author(s): K. Nakamura, A. Asai1, H. Sasaki, H.Okano, S. Yoshizawa, and S. Umemura
  • Organizer: ICHO & JCTM 2012
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto
• [Presentation] Simulation of temperature rise induced by HIFU in tissue mimicking gel considering cavitation bubbles (2012)
  • Author(s): A. Asai, H. Okano, S. Yoshizawa, and S.Umemura
  • Organizer: ICHO & JCTM 2012
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto
• [Presentation] マルチキャビテーションクラウドの同時生成を用いた効率的焼灼法 (2012)
  • Author(s): 中村高太郎、浅井歩、森山達也、高田啓介、吉澤晋、梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 日本超音波医学会第85回学術集会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
• [Presentation] Optically transparent gel for experimentally mimicking cavitation enhanced ultrasonic heatingof tissue (2012)
  • Author(s): A. Asai, T. Moriyama, S. Yoshizawa, and S. Umemura
  • Organizer: THE ACOUSTICS 2012
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong, China
• [Presentation] High-intensity focused ultrasound heating of large tissue region enhanced by cavitation bubbles at multiple focal spots (2012)
  • Author(s): S. Yoshizawa, K. Nakamura, A.Asai, J. Yasuda, and S. Umemura
  • Organizer: THE ACOUSTICS 2012
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong, China
• [Presentation] Efficient generation of cavitation bubbles by dual-frequency exposure (2012)
  • Author(s): J. Yasuda, R. Takagi, S. Yoshizawa, and S. Umemura
  • Organizer: THE ACOUSTICS 2012
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong, China
• [Presentation] Efficient generation of cavitation bubbles by dual-frequency exposure (2012)
  • Author(s): Jun Yasuda
  • Organizer: THE ACOUSTICS 2012 HONG KONG （ASA香港）
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre(中国・香港）
• [Presentation] High-intensity focused ultrasound heating of large tissue region enhanced by cavitation bubbles at multiple focal spots (2012)
  • Author(s): Shin Yoshizawa
  • Organizer: THE ACOUSTICS 2012 HONG KONG （ASA香港）
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre(中国・香港）
• [Presentation] Optically transparent gel for experimentally mimicking cavitation enhanced ultrasonic heating of tissue (2012)
  • Author(s): Ayumu Asai
  • Organizer: THE ACOUSTICS 2012 HONG KONG （ASA香港）
  • Place of Presentation: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre(中国・香港）
• [Presentation] マルチキャビテーションクラウドの同時生成を用いた効率的焼灼法 (2012)
  • Author(s): 中村高太郎
  • Organizer: 日本超音波医学会 第85回学術集会
  • Place of Presentation: グランドプリンスホテル新高輪（東京）
• [Presentation] Simulation of temperature rise induced by HIFU in tissue mimicking gel considering cavitation bubbles (2012)
  • Author(s): Ayumu Asai
  • Organizer: ICHO&JCTM2012
  • Place of Presentation: Hyatt Regency Kyoto（京都）
• [Presentation] Simultaneous generation of multiple cavitation clouds by phased array transducer (2012)
  • Author(s): Kotaro Nakamura
  • Organizer: ICHO&JCTM201228
  • Place of Presentation: Hyatt Regency Kyoto（京都）
• [Presentation] High-speed observation of cavitation bubbles generated at multiple focal spots for bubble-enhansed heating in a large focal region (2012)
  • Author(s): Shin Yoshizawa
  • Organizer: IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS 2013)
  • Place of Presentation: International Congress Center Dresden（ドイツ）
• [Presentation] Efficient Generation of Cavitation Cloud by Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Exposure in the Optically Transparent Gel (2012)
  • Author(s): Jun Yasuda
  • Organizer: IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS 2013)
  • Place of Presentation: International Congress Center Dresden（ドイツ）
• [Presentation] マイクロ気泡による集束超音波治療の高効率化 (2012)
  • Author(s): 梅村 晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム（USE2012）
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉大学西千葉キャンパス けやき会館
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 32ch駆動回路を用いたマルチキャビテーションクラウドの同時生成による広範囲焼灼法 (2012)
  • Author(s): 中村 高太郎
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム（USE2012）
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉大学西千葉キャンパス けやき会館
• [Presentation] 生体模擬ゲル中での高周波重畳法によるキャビテーションの効率的な発生に関する研究 (2012)
  • Author(s): 安田 惇
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム（USE2012）
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉大学西千葉キャンパス けやき会館
• [Presentation] ゲル中でのキャビテーション気泡に対するBSA濃度の影響 (2012)
  • Author(s): 浅井 歩
  • Organizer: 第33回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム（USE2012）
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉大学西千葉キャンパス けやき会館
• [Presentation] マルチキャビテーションクラウドの同時生成を用いた効率的焼灼法 (2011)
  • Author(s): 中村高太郎,高田啓介,森山達也,岡田淳平,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第10回日本超音波治療研究会(JSTU10)
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
  • Year and Date: 2011-11-26
• [Presentation] 生体模擬ゲル中でのキャビテーション気泡を考慮した熱伝導シミュレーション (2011)
  • Author(s): 森山達也,浅井歩,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] 強力集束超音波照射時にキャビテーションが豚肝臓に及ぼす温度上昇の解析 (2011)
  • Author(s): 岩崎永子,森山達也,浅井歩,獅子谷卓,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] 高周波重畳法を用いたキャビテーション気泡の生成効率の向上に関する研究 (2011)
  • Author(s): 安田惇,高木亮,吉澤晋,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] High-Throughput Coagulation by Heating with Laterally Enlarged Focus, Enhanced by Mircobubble Clouds Created by Electronically Scanned Trigger Pulses (2011)
  • Author(s): S. Umemura, J. Okada, K. Takada, T.Moriyama, E. Iwasaki, and S. Yoshizawa
  • Organizer: 2011 IEEE International UltrasonicsSymposium (IUS2011)
  • Place of Presentation: Orlando, U.S.A
• [Presentation] Cavitation Inception and Growth by Dual-Frequency Excitation in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment (2011)
  • Author(s): S. Yoshizawa, J. Yasuda, and S.Umemura
  • Organizer: 2011 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS2011)
  • Place of Presentation: Orlando, U.S.A
• [Presentation] 強力集束超音波治療におけるキャビテーション気泡の加熱増強作用 (2011)
  • Author(s): 吉澤晋,稲葉脩太,岩崎永子,森山達也,梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第50回日本生体医工学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
• [Presentation] Cavitation Inception and Growth by Dual-Frequency Excitation Method (2011)
  • Author(s): S. Yoshizawa, R. Takagi, J. Yasuda, and S. Umemura
  • Organizer: 11th International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound (ISTU2011)
  • Place of Presentation: New York, U. S. A.
• [Presentation] Triggered Exposure Sequence for Higher Efficiency and Selectivity of HIFU Treatment (2011)
  • Author(s): Shin-ichiro Umemura, Yuta Inaba, Ryo Takagi, Shin Yoshizawa
  • Organizer: 2011 International Society for Therapeutic Ultrasound Symposium (ISTU2011)
  • Place of Presentation: New York, NY, USA(招待講演)
• [Presentation] High-Throughput Coagulation by Heating with Laterally Enlarged Focus, Enhanced by Mircobubble Clouds Created by Electronically Scanned Trigger Pulses (2011)
  • Author(s): Shin-ichiro Umemura, Jumpei Okada, Keisuke Takada, Tatsuya Moriyama, Eiko Iwasaki, Shin Yoshizawa
  • Organizer: 2011 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS2011)
  • Place of Presentation: Orlando, FL, USA
• [Presentation] Analysis of temperature increase in excised porcine liver tissue induced by cavitation-enhanced HIFU (2011)
  • Author(s): 岩崎永子, 森山達也, 浅井歩, 獅子谷卓, 吉澤晋, 梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] High voltage staircase driver circuit for triggered HIFU treatment (2011)
  • Author(s): 高田啓介, 中村高太郎, 岡田淳平, 吉澤晋, 梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] Novel Concept of Array Transducer Element Using Combined Resonance Between Oscillations of Hemispherical Piezoceramic Shell and Bulk Water (2011)
  • Author(s): Kenji Otsu, Shin Yoshizawa, Shin-ichiro Umemura
  • Organizer: 2011 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS2011)
  • Place of Presentation: Orlando, FL, USA
• [Presentation] Therapeutic array transducer element using coresonance between hemispherical piezoceramic shell and water sphere (2011)
  • Author(s): 大津賢治, 吉澤晋, 梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] 3D-quantitative optical measurement of asymmetrically focused ultrasound pressure field (2011)
  • Author(s): 島崎悠太, 針金奏一郎, 吉澤晋, 梅村晋一郎
  • Organizer: 第32回超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム(USE2011)
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
• [Presentation] High Speed Observation of Multiple Cavitation Cloud Behavior Induced by HIFU (2010)
  • Author(s): Y.Inaba, T.Moriyama, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Organizer: 31st Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics (USE 2010)
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2010-12-07
• [Presentation] Cavitation Inception by Dual-Frequency Excitation in High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment (2010)
  • Author(s): R.Takagi, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Organizer: 31st Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics (USE 2010)
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2010-12-07
• [Presentation] Creation of Multiple Cavitation Clouds by Phased Array Transducer Driven with Staircase Voltage (2010)
  • Author(s): J.Okada, Y.Inaba, T.Moriyama, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Organizer: 31st Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics (USE 2010)
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2010-12-07
• [Presentation] Simultaneous Coagulation of Large Volume by Creating Multiple Cavitation Clouds in High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment (2010)
  • Author(s): Y.Inaba, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Organizer: 2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Sandiego, U.S.A.
  • Year and Date: 2010-10-14
• [Presentation] Enhancement of Ultrasonic Heating by Ultrasonically Localized Cavitation for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2010)
  • Author(s): R.Takagi, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura
  • Organizer: 2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Sandiego, U.S.A.
  • Year and Date: 2010-10-12
• [Presentation] Detection of Transient Microbubbles to Enhance Therapeutic Ultrasound Treatment (2010)
  • Author(s): S.Umemura, S.Yoshizawa, R.Takagi, R.Asami, K.Kawabata
  • Organizer: 10th International Symposium Therapeutic Ultrasound
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2010-06-10
• [Presentation] Gel Phantom Containing Controlled Air to Test Triggered HIFU Exposure Sequence (2010)
  • Author(s): K.Takimoto, T.Moriyama, R.Takagi, S.Yoshizawa, S.Umemura S.
  • Organizer: 10th International Symposium Therapeutic Ultrasound
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2010-06-10
• [Presentation] 超音波加熱治療の高速化を目的とした多点キャビテーション生成による広範囲焼灼手法
  • Author(s): 吉澤晋
  • Organizer: 第11回日本超音波治療研究会（JSTU2012宮崎）
  • Place of Presentation: KITEN コンベンションホール（宮崎）
• [Presentation] 高周波重畳法を用いたキャビテーション気泡の効率的な発生に関する研究
  • Author(s): 安田 惇
  • Organizer: 第16回キャビテーションに関するシンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 金沢工業大学 扇が丘キャンパス
• [Remarks]
  • URL: http://www.ecei.tohoku.ac.jp/ume/
• [Remarks] 梅村研究室HP
  • URL: http://www.ecei.tohoku.ac.jp/ume/results/research_index.html
• [Remarks]
  • URL: http://www.ecei.tohoku.ac.jp/ume/results/research_index.html
• [Remarks]
  • URL: http://www.ecei.tohoku.ac.jp/ume/results/research_index.html