| Budget Amount *help |
¥19,110,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,410,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥5,720,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,320,000)
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| Research Abstract |
A large cohort (n=500) of children was followed from 8 to 12 years of age to study spoken and written language development. There was a strong relationship between listening comprehension for spoken language, and reading comprehension and sentence completion for written language. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that written passage comprehension at grade 2 was the strongest predictor for both spoken and written language at grade 6. Differences in the residual errors of children with reading problems indicated that language weakness and behavioral problems also affected their performance at grade 6. Analyses of sensitivity and specificity yielded 67 % and 87% respectively, and the positive and negative-predictive values were 33% and 97% respectively, indicating that one in three 2nd graders with reading problems continue to be affected. Further analyses on why there are differences in continuing language problems during later school years will be conducted.
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