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Deep Unfolding-Based Signal Processing: Theoretical Foundations and Algorithmic Extensions

Research Project

Project/Area Number 22H00514
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 60:Information science, computer engineering, and related fields
Research InstitutionNagoya Institute of Technology

Principal Investigator

Wadayama Tadashi  名古屋工業大学, 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (20275374)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 林 和則  京都大学, 国際高等教育院, 教授 (50346102)
小蔵 正輝  広島大学, 先進理工系科学研究科(工), 教授 (10800732)
高邉 賢史  東京科学大学, 情報理工学院, 准教授 (60804218)
岡野 訓尚  立命館大学, 理工学部, 准教授 (80778209)
Project Period (FY) 2022-04-01 – 2025-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥41,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥13,130,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,030,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥13,260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,060,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥15,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,510,000)
Keywords深層学習 / 信号処理 / 無線通信技術 / スパース信号推定 / LDPC符号 / 深層展開 / モデルベース深層学習 / 制御工学 / MIMO信号検出 / 誤り訂正復号 / 光ファイバ通信 / モデルベース制御 / モンテカルロ法 / 無線信号処理 / 分散信号処理 / 無線通信工学 / 符号理論
Outline of Research at the Start

1) 深層展開に適した基礎アルゴリズムをどのように構成していくべきか,2)学習パラメータをどのように選択すべきか,3) 深層展開から得られる学習結果の数理的特性はどのようなものであるかを系統的に論じる研究はない.本計画の主たる学術的問いは,深層展開に基づくアルゴリズム構築において,実践的・数理的理解に裏打ちされた系統的な方法論は存在するかという問いである.上記の課題1), 2), 3)の緻密な検討を通して,従来の深層展開の研究で欠けていた部分を埋めることができれば深層展開の適用範囲のさらなる拡大に繋がり,広範な反復型信号処理アルゴリズムの特性改善と新規アルゴリズムの創出が可能であると考える。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This project aimed to advance algorithmic composition methodology centered on model-based deep learning and deep unfolding. Research was conducted through four subprojects: SP1 (algorithm construction based on regularized least squares problems), SP2 (learning parameter selection in deep unfolding), SP3 (convergence acceleration based on Chebyshev methods), and SP4 (integration of distributed signal processing and machine learning techniques). These efforts yielded numerous research outcomes, including continuous-time sparse signal recovery theory, proximal gradient decoding methods, offline learning approaches based on vector similarity search, and theory and applications of Chebyshev steps. The diverse range of achievements demonstrates that the project has exceeded its initial objectives.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究で確立したモデルベース深層学習と深層展開の理論体系および実用技術は,学術的価値の創出に留まらず,高い実用的価値を有するものと期待される.特に,6G時代を見据えた次世代通信インフラの構築において本研究成果は重要な技術基盤を提供する.深層展開技術は,従来のブラックボックス型機械学習とは一線を画し,通信工学の豊富なドメイン知識を活用できる点で極めて有用である.本研究で開発した分散信号処理技術は,IoT・エッジコンピューティング環境における大規模システムの実現への貢献が期待される.また,連続時間信号処理理論などの理論的成果は,信号処理分野全般において波及効果をもたらすと考えられる.

Report

(5 results)
  • 2024 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (53 results)

All 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (20 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 20 results,  Open Access: 12 results) Presentation (32 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 24 results,  Invited: 2 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Deep Unfolding-Based Weighted Averaging for Federated Learning under Device and Statistical Heterogeneous Environments2025

    • Author(s)
      Nakai-Kasai Ayano、Wadayama Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Communications

      Volume: E108.B Issue: 4 Pages: 411-420

    • DOI

      10.23919/transcom.2024EBP3068

    • ISSN
      0916-8516, 1745-1345
    • Year and Date
      2025-04-01
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Mean Squared Error Analysis of Noisy Average Consensus2025

    • Author(s)
      WADAYAMA Tadashi、NAKAI-KASAI Ayano
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences

      Volume: E108.A Issue: 3 Pages: 435-441

    • DOI

      10.1587/transfun.2024TAP0006

    • ISSN
      0916-8508, 1745-1337
    • Year and Date
      2025-03-01
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] MIMO equalization with adaptive intermodal interference cancellation for mitigating effect of mode-dependent loss in SDM transmission over coupled multi-core fiber2025

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa Manabu、Hayashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express

      Volume: 33 Issue: 4 Pages: 8304-8304

    • DOI

      10.1364/oe.553095

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Precoder Optimization Using Data Correlation for Wireless Data Aggregation2024

    • Author(s)
      Ayano Nakai-Kasai, Naoyuki Hayashi, Tadashi Wadayama
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Communications

      Volume: E107.B Issue: 3 Pages: 330-338

    • DOI

      10.23919/transcom.2023EBT0007

    • ISSN
      0916-8516, 1745-1345
    • Year and Date
      2024-03-01
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report 2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] PSOR-Jacobi Algorithm for Accelerated MMSE MIMO Detection2024

    • Author(s)
      MIZUKOSHI Asahi、NAKAI-KASAI Ayano、WADAYAMA Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences

      Volume: E107.A Issue: 3 Pages: 486-492

    • DOI

      10.1587/transfun.2023TAP0004

    • ISSN
      0916-8508, 1745-1337
    • Year and Date
      2024-03-01
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report 2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Ordinary Differential Equation-Based MIMO Signal Detection2024

    • Author(s)
      Nakai-Kasai Ayano、Wadayama Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing

      Volume: 72 Pages: 4147-4162

    • DOI

      10.1109/tsp.2024.3454703

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Continuous-Time Sparse Signal Recovery2024

    • Author(s)
      Wadayama Tadashi、Nakai-Kasai Ayano
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Access

      Volume: 12 Pages: 118141-118153

    • DOI

      10.1109/access.2024.3447652

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Firing pattern manipulation of neuronal networks by deep unfolding‐based model predictive control2024

    • Author(s)
      Aizawa Jumpei、Ogura Masaki、Shimono Masanori、Wakamiya Naoki
    • Journal Title

      IET Control Theory & Applications

      Volume: 18 Issue: 15 Pages: 2003-2013

    • DOI

      10.1049/cth2.12717

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Learning-based stabilization of Markov jump linear systems2024

    • Author(s)
      Liu Jason J.R.、Ogura Masaki、Li Qiyu、Lam James
    • Journal Title

      Neurocomputing

      Volume: 586 Pages: 127618-127618

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.neucom.2024.127618

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Convergence Acceleration of Markov Chain Monte Carlo-Based Gradient Descent by Deep Unfolding2024

    • Author(s)
      Hagiwara Ryo、Takabe Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

      Volume: 93 Issue: 6 Pages: 063801-063801

    • DOI

      10.7566/jpsj.93.063801

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Accelerating Convergence of Stein Variational Gradient Descent via Deep Unfolding2024

    • Author(s)
      Kawamura Yuya、Takabe Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Access

      Volume: 12 Pages: 177911-177918

    • DOI

      10.1109/access.2024.3507773

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Deep unfolded local quantum annealing2024

    • Author(s)
      Arai Shunta、Takabe Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Research

      Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Pages: 043325-043325

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043325

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Hubbard-Stratonovich Detector for Simple Trainable MIMO Signal Detection2024

    • Author(s)
      Takabe Satoshi、Abe Takashi
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

      Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 701-705

    • DOI

      10.1109/lwc.2023.3340172

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Evaluation of Temporal Deep Unfolding-Based MPC for Multilink Pendulum2023

    • Author(s)
      Aizawa Jumpei、Ogura Masaki、Kishida Masako、Wakamiya Naoki
    • Journal Title

      Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers

      Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Pages: 91-98

    • DOI

      10.5687/iscie.36.91

    • ISSN
      1342-5668, 2185-811X
    • Year and Date
      2023-04-15
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Proximal Decoding for LDPC Codes2023

    • Author(s)
      WADAYAMA Tadashi、TAKABE Satoshi
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences

      Volume: E106.A Issue: 3 Pages: 359-367

    • DOI

      10.1587/transfun.2022TAP0002

    • ISSN
      0916-8508, 1745-1337
    • Year and Date
      2023-03-01
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Frequency-domain adaptive MIMO filter with fractional oversampling using stochastic gradient descent for long-haul transmission over coupled 4-core fibers2023

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa Manabu、Hayashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express

      Volume: 31 Issue: 8 Pages: 13104-13104

    • DOI

      10.1364/oe.486032

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Long-Haul WDM/SDM Transmission Over Coupled 4-Core Fibers Installed in Submarine Cable2023

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa Manabu、Wu Mingqi、Yasuhara Keisuke、Masuda Daishi、Hayashi Kazunori、Inoue Takanori、Inada Yoshihisa
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Lightwave Technology

      Volume: 41 Issue: 6 Pages: 1649-1657

    • DOI

      10.1109/jlt.2022.3229123

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Convergence Acceleration via Chebyshev Step: Plausible Interpretation of Deep-Unfolded Gradient Descent2022

    • Author(s)
      TAKABE Satoshi、WADAYAMA Tadashi
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences

      Volume: E105.A Issue: 8 Pages: 1110-1120

    • DOI

      10.1587/transfun.2021EAP1139

    • NAID

      130008144000

    • ISSN
      0916-8508, 1745-1337
    • Year and Date
      2022-08-01
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Compensation and monitoring of transmitter and receiver impairments in 10,000-km single-mode fiber transmission by adaptive multi-layer filters with augmented inputs2022

    • Author(s)
      Arikawa Manabu、Sato Masaki、Hayashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Optics Express

      Volume: 30 Issue: 12 Pages: 20333-20333

    • DOI

      10.1364/oe.459959

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Hyperparameter Selection in Deep Unfolding-based Static Output Feedback Stabilization2021

    • Author(s)
      和田 弘匡、小蔵 正輝、岸田 昌子、若宮 直紀
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the Japan Joint Automatic Control Conference

      Volume: 64 Issue: 0 Pages: 353-356

    • DOI

      10.11511/jacc.64.0_353

    • NAID

      130008127887

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] MZI-based Optical Circuit for MIMO Signal Detector Immune to Fabrication Errors2024

    • Author(s)
      T. Nishiyama, T. Wadayama, and A. Nakai-Kasai
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Deep Unfolding-Aided Design for Optical MIMO Signal Detection Circuit2024

    • Author(s)
      T. Kuno and T. Wadayama
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Enhancing Proximal Decoding for LDPC Codes through Deep Unfolding2024

    • Author(s)
      A. Ito, L. Wei, and T. Wadayama
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Generalized Gradient Flow Decoding and Its Tensor-Computability2024

    • Author(s)
      T. Wadayama and L. Wei
    • Organizer
      IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Deep Unfolding-Assisted Fully Decentralized Projected Gradient MIMO Detection Algorithm2024

    • Author(s)
      M. Kumagai, T. Wadayama, and A. Nakai-Kasai,
    • Organizer
      IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Vector Similarity Search Based Offline Learning for Deep-Unfolded MIMO Signal Detector2024

    • Author(s)
      L. Wei, T. Wadayama, and K. Hayashi
    • Organizer
      IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking (ICMLCN2024)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Deep Unfolding Aided Parameter Optimization for Multi-task Diffusion LMS Algorithm2024

    • Author(s)
      X. Tong and K. Hayashi
    • Organizer
      2024 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Deep Unfolding-Based Distributed MIMO Detection2023

    • Author(s)
      M. Kumagai, A. Nakai-Kasai, and T. Wadayama
    • Organizer
      2023 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gradient Flow Decoding for LDPC Codes2023

    • Author(s)
      T. Wadayama, K. Nakajima, and A. Nakai-Kasai
    • Organizer
      2023 International Symposium on Topics in Coding (ISTC2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Long-haul WDM/SDM transmission of 40-Gbaud PDM-QPSK over coupled 4-core fibers with entire 5/4× oversampling DSP2023

    • Author(s)
      M. Arikawa and K. Hayashi
    • Organizer
      49th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Numerical Performance Evaluation of L1-L2 Sparse Reconstruction Using Optical Analog Circuit2023

    • Author(s)
      S. Furusawa, K. Hayashi, K. Kameda and R. Hayakawa
    • Organizer
      2023 APSIPA Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 光アナログ回路を用いたl1-l2スパース再構成とその数値的性能評価2023

    • Author(s)
      古澤颯真,亀田快宙,早川諒,林和則
    • Organizer
      第38回信号処理シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] IQ Imperfection Compensation and Frequency Domain Equalization with Deep Unfolding Based Adaptive Multi-layer Filter2023

    • Author(s)
      L. Wei, K. Hayashi, and T. Wadayama
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会 第38回信号処理シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Manipulation of neuronal network firing patterns using temporal deep unfolding-based MPC2023

    • Author(s)
      J. Aizawa, M. Ogura, M. Shimono, and N. Wakamiya
    • Organizer
      2023 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 時相深層展開を用いたMPCによるニューロンネットワークのモジュール発火制御2023

    • Author(s)
      相澤純平, 小蔵正輝, 下野昌宣, 若宮直紀
    • Organizer
      第66回自動制御連合講演会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Control Simulation Experimentにおける制御方策のモデル予測制御との比較を通じた有効性評価2023

    • Author(s)
      永井陸斗, 小蔵正輝, 小槻峻司, 若宮直紀
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会 信学技報
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 大規模MIMOにおける低計算量な学習可能多値QAM信号検出器2023

    • Author(s)
      阿部傑, 髙邉賢史
    • Organizer
      情報理論とその応用シンポジウム(SITA2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] シミュレーティッド分岐マシンを利用した深層展開型MIMO信号検出器2023

    • Author(s)
      髙邉賢史
    • Organizer
      情報理論とその応用シンポジウム(SITA2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 粒子型変分推論における深層展開と性能向上2023

    • Author(s)
      河村祐弥, 髙邉賢史
    • Organizer
      IBIS2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 深層展開による粒子型変分推定の収束加速2023

    • Author(s)
      河村祐弥, 髙邉賢史
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会信号処理研究会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Precoder Design for Correlated Data Aggregation via Over-the-Air Computation in Sensor Networks2022

    • Author(s)
      Ayano Nakai-Kasai and Tadashi Wadayama
    • Organizer
      IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) Workshop (Wireless Communications for Distributed Intelligence)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] MMSE Signal Detection for MIMO Systems based on Ordinary Differential Equation2022

    • Author(s)
      Ayano Nakai-Kasai and Tadashi Wadayama
    • Organizer
      IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ordinary Differential Equation-based Sparse Signal Recovery2022

    • Author(s)
      Tadashi Wadayama and Ayano Nakai-Kasai
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] PSOR-Jacobi Algorithm for Accelerated MMSE MIMO Detection2022

    • Author(s)
      Asahi Mizukoshi, Tadashi Wadayama and Ayano Nakai-Kasai
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Continuous-Time Noisy Average Consensus System as Gaussian Multiple Access Channel2022

    • Author(s)
      Tadashi Wadayama and Ayano Nakai-Kasai
    • Organizer
      IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, (ISIT)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Asymptotic Mean Squared Error of Noisy Periodical Successive Over-Relaxation2022

    • Author(s)
      Tadashi Wadayama and Satoshi Takabe
    • Organizer
      IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, (ISIT)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Fully Analog Noise-Resilient Dynamical Systems Storing Binary Sequence2022

    • Author(s)
      Tadashi Wadayama
    • Organizer
      IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, (ISIT)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Adaptive Multi-Layer Filters for Compensating for Impairments in Transmitters and Receivers for Transmission2022

    • Author(s)
      M. Arikawa and K. Hayashi
    • Organizer
      2022 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Temporal deep unfolding-based MPC for controlling firing patterns of neuronal network2022

    • Author(s)
      Aizawa, J., Ogura, M., Shimono, M. Wakamiya N
    • Organizer
      2023 RISP International Workshop on Nonlinear Circuits, Communications and Signal Processing
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Static output feedback synthesis of time-delay linear systems via deep unfolding2022

    • Author(s)
      Ogura, M., Kobayashi, K. , Sugimoto, K.
    • Organizer
      17th IFAC Workshop on Time Delay Systems
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence2022

    • Author(s)
      Ogura, M.
    • Organizer
      2nd Japanese-Canadian Frontiers of Science (JCFoS) Symposium
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] When deep unfolding meets control engineering2022

    • Author(s)
      Ogura, M.
    • Organizer
      37th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Book] モデルベース深層学習と深層展開2023

    • Author(s)
      和田山正
    • Total Pages
      192
    • Publisher
      森北出版
    • ISBN
      9784627857315
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2022-04-19   Modified: 2026-01-16  

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