| Project/Area Number |
22K19272
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 43:Biology at molecular to cellular levels, and related fields
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
CARLTON Peter 京都大学, 生命科学研究科, 准教授 (20571813)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2022-06-30 – 2025-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2024)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
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| Keywords | 減数分裂 / 線虫 / 染色体 / ホロセントリック染色体 / 有性生殖 / Meiosis / Chromosomes / C. elegans / Length sensing / 染色体ダイナミクス / シナプトネマ複合体 / in vivoイメージング / ライブイメージング |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
線虫の減数分裂における染色体分離は、交叉（相同染色体間の組み換えが起こる場所）から末端までの長さを測って、短い方を分離面として行われる。本研究は、この「染色体の長さを測るメカニズム」を解明し、「細胞ができること」の1つに「長さを比べる」という新しい概念を加えることを目指す。
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We have demonstrated that the unique meiotic chromosome division system in the holocentric nematode C. elegans, in which the shorter of two regions becomes the first site of cohesion loss, can be explained by a factor that enters chromosomes at the sites of crossover recombination, diffuses symmetrically to both sides, and accumulates to a higher concentration in the shorter compartment. This was achieved by using fusion chromosomes with more than one crossover and simulating the effects of diffusion under the observed configuration of crossover sites. Our work shows that signals can travel within chromosomes and cause different sets of proteins to bind to the chromosomes, constituting a novel size measurement system for subcellular structures.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
We have shown a novel method of subcellular size measurement. Unlike most previously-known examples that regulate e.g. the size of organelles, this is a binary choice that defines functional chromosome regions based on their relative lengths, showing a new possibility for cellular function.
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