| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In early modern Europe commercial information and intelligence were distributed by using the networks that were composed of international merchants. Homogeneous commercial information was spread from Amsterdam d to all over Europe, and European commercial world became more and more homogeneous. On the contrary, British information spread to all over the British Empire, based on he power of British state. London was the center of a Big Empire, and Amsterdam was a gateway, through which information was diffused by international merchants. The difference of Amsterdam and London corresponds the the one between early modern and modern period.
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