| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This study aimed to refine and further develop existing motivation scales in a cross-national context, and examine differences of descriptive variables and spectator motives among Japanese, Korean, and Chinese professional soccer spectators. We confirmed that the refined motivation scales we developed for Chinese soccer spectators' motives were valid and that therer were several differences in demographics, attendance ferqunecy, team identification, and spectator motives among three countries spectators.
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