| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The purpose of this research is to clarify the relation between school autonomy and actors (parents, school district, professional organizations, etc.) to implement Two-way immersion(TWI) programs effectively.
The findings are follows: (1) it is not difficult to hire good bilingual teachers in California because many good bilingual teachers want to work at a few TWI schools and there is professional organization for teacher training.(2) Professional leadership of principal to convince parents of the meaning and effectiveness of TWI for language minorities is very important to implement it at public schools which are managed by school districts and are less autonomy than charter schools and alternative schools.
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