Origin and transfer of heat treated high tin bronze making

• Project/Area Number: 24300300
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Partial Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Cultural property science
• Research Institution: University of Toyama
• Principal Investigator: Nagae Takekazu 富山大学, 芸術文化学部, 教授 (60443420)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 三船 温尚 富山大学, 芸術文化学部, 教授 (20181969)
• Co-Investigator(Renkei-kenkyūsha): SHIMIZU Yasuji 奈良県立橿原考古学研究所, 埋蔵文化財部, 指導研究員 (90250381) ; AOYAGI Taisuke 奈良県立橿原考古学研究所, 調査部調査課, 総括研究員 (60270774) ; UESUGI Akinori 関西大学, 研究推進部, 非常勤研究員 (20455231) ; NISHIAKI Yoshihiro 東京大学, 総合研究博物館, 教授 (70256197) ; TAGAI Tokuhei 東京大学, 総合研究博物館, 名誉教授 (40011738)
• Research Collaborator: Ranganathan Srinivasa National Institute of Advanced studies ; Shinde Vasant Deccan college
• Project Period (FY): 2012-04-01 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥19,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,560,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2013: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000); Fiscal Year 2012: ¥11,960,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,760,000)
• Keywords: 熱処理型高錫青銅 / インド / 金属組織 / 焼入れ / 高錫青銅 / 焼き入れ / メガリス / インダス文明 / 高錫青銅器 / 成分分析 / 熱処理 / 文化財科学 / 熱間鍛造 / 鋳造 / 蛍光X線分析

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Heat treatable high tin bronze wares containing more than 15% tin were made by casting or hot forging and subsequent quenching. These techniques were introduced into ancient Japan from Asian continent in the Kofun period. They are no longer in use in Japan but are still in use in some Asian countries as traditional craft techniques. In order to find out an origin of fabrication techniques of heat treatable high tin bronze and their transfer route to Japan, we focused on Indian metal antiquities. More than 250 samples were analyzed. The earliest heat treatable high tin bronze wares analyzed are copper bowls which were excavated at Megalith sites in India. They are presumed to have been fabricated in the first half of the 1st millennium BC.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Thermographical Analysis of Continuing Tradition of Mirror Casting in Kerala (2014)
  • Author(s): Takekazu Nagae, Sharada Srinivasan, Srinivasan Ranganathan, R.M.Pillai, Yasuji Shimizu, Haruhisa Mifune
  • Journal Title: ISIJ International Volume: 54 Issue: 5 Pages: 1172-1176
  • DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.54.1172
  • NAID: 130004466796
  • ISSN: 0915-1559, 1347-5460
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] 古代アジアにおける高錫青銅器の発生と伝播 (2014)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一
  • Journal Title: 大阪冶金会会誌 Volume: 54 Pages: 7-11
• [Journal Article] 蛍光X線データからみた群馬県出土銅製品の製作方法 - 綿貫観音山古墳、観音塚古墳出土品等の調査 - (2013)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一、杉山秀宏、清水康二、三船温尚
  • Journal Title: アジア鋳造技術学会誌 Volume: 5 Pages: 1-14
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] チベット仏教で用いられる鉤形青銅器'Singing Bowl'の科学分析と製作痕跡 (2013)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一、杉山秀宏、清水康二、三船温尚
  • Journal Title: アジア鋳造技術学会誌 Volume: 5 Pages: 69-72
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Excavations at Mitathal, 2011-12 (2012)
  • Author(s): Manmohan Kumar, Akinori Uesugi, Vivek Dangi, Vijay Kumar and Takekazu Nagae
  • Journal Title: Puratattva Volume: 42 Pages: 148-181
• [Presentation] Microstructure and mechanical properties of high tin bronze wares unearthed from Asian ancient sites (2016)
  • Author(s): Takekazu Nagae, Yasuji Shimizu, Vasant Shinde, Preety A. Trivedi, Boonyarit Chaisuwan, Lee Sang-Yong, Akinori Uesugi, Taisuke Aoyagi, Takumi Sugiyama, Haruhisa Mifune
  • Organizer: The Eighth World Archaeological Congress, Kyoto
  • Place of Presentation: 同志社大学
  • Year and Date: 2016-08-28
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Microstructural Observation of Copper and Iron Objects from Megalithic Sites in Nagpur Division (2016)
  • Author(s): Ｔａｋｅｋａｚｕ Nagae, Preety A.Trivedi, Yasuji Shimizu, Takumi Sugiyama, Akinori Uesugi, Manako Tanaka
  • Organizer: 171st ISIJ Meeting International Organized Session
  • Place of Presentation: 東京理科大学
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-25
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 古代アジアにおける熱処理型高錫青銅器の製作技術 (2015)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一
  • Organizer: 日本銅学会第55回講演大会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪大学吹田キャンパス
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-02
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 韓国忠州虎岩遺跡出土青銅器の金属組織と製作方法 (2015)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一、李相龍
  • Organizer: 第9回 アジア鋳造技術史学会 愛知大会
  • Place of Presentation: 中部大学名古屋キャンパス
  • Year and Date: 2015-08-29
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 二元系および三元系高錫青銅の熱間加工性 (2014)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一、三船温尚
  • Organizer: アジア鋳造技術史学会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都市国際交流会館
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-20 – 2014-09-21
• [Presentation] Microstructure observation on heat treatable high tin bronze bowls excavated at Japanese antiquities (2013)
  • Author(s): Takekazu Nagae, Yutaka Maebara, Hidehiro Sugiyama, Yasuji Shimizu, Haruhisa Mifune
  • Organizer: Historical Merallurgy Society
  • Place of Presentation: London
• [Presentation] Thermographical analysis of continuing tradition of mirror casting in Kerala (2013)
  • Author(s): Takekazu Nagae, Srinivasa Ranganathan, R.M.Pillai, Sharada Srinivasan, Yasuji Shimizu, Haruhisa Mifune
  • Organizer: The 8th International Conference of the Beginnings of the use of metals and alloys
  • Place of Presentation: Nara, Japan
• [Presentation] インド・マフルジャリ遺跡出土銅製品の金属組織と製作技法 (2012)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一、Vasant Shinde、清水康二、青柳泰介、小茄子川歩、三船温
  • Organizer: アジア鋳造技術史学会愛媛大会
  • Place of Presentation: 愛媛大学メディアホール
• [Presentation] チベット製とされる'Singing Bowl'の科学分析 (2012)
  • Author(s): 長柄毅一、青柳泰介、清水康二
  • Organizer: アジア鋳造技術史学会愛媛大会
  • Place of Presentation: 愛媛大学メディアホール