| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Changes of the vocal tract of sopranos during singing were measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging to examine so-called formant tuning, in which the first and second resonances (R1 and R2) of the vocal tract are tuned to the first and second harmonics of vocal fold vibration. Results revealed that the sopranos changed the angle between the larynx and pharynx for R1 tuning, while they changed the frontal size of the oral cavity and the degree of lip constriction for R2 tuning. Furthermore, at high pitches, the changes of the vocal tract to increase R1 implied that the sopranos could not generate the singing formant, because those changes tended to reduce the acoustic independence of the larynx from other parts of the vocal tract, which is indispensable for generating the formant.
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