| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Focusing on German demonstrative "der", English "this/that", and Japanese demonstrative "ko/so/a", this study shows their common semantic properties and differences, and leads to the following conclusions: By reexaminations of preceding literature and investigation of the Web-corpus it is shown that (1) the functions of deixis in the utterance and the anaphoric relations in the text can be grasped in a uniform way as referential expressions, (2) the opposition of proximal and distal deixs is not explicit in German. Instead, there is a contrast of "dieser" and "der", independently of the physical distance, and (3) Japanese "sore" and German "der" are similar in that they can be used to pick up a variable-like dependent object which requires some indirect or anaphoric support by a referential (relational) framework of another referent, because the target object is not directly accessible to the speaker. Thus, the three languages have similar referential uses.
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