| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Horse culture was brought in China in the 2nd millennium B.C. In Anyang were found rod-shaped horse-bits, squre-shaped cheek-pieces and U-shaped objects with nail like projections, which were originated in Western Asia. Chain-like horse-bits, made of two 8-shaped parts, were invented in late Shang period, one of which was twisted for innovation in early Western Zhou period. Antler cheek-pieces with 3 holes were brought from the West in early Western Zhou period, and their bronze copies developed into the most typical type of bronze cheek-pieces of this period. From late Western Zhou to early Spring and Autumn period, outer rings of horse-bits became larger, in which inserted now elongated cheek-pieces. Similar horse harness appeared in Siberia in a little later period.
Two different processes for casting cheek-pieces are recognized, one for Western Zhou period, the other for Warring State period.
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