| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Rules on doping in sports are first and foremost private ones. When organizing competitions, sports federations offer athletes conditions for participation. It is up to each athlete whether or not accept such conditions. On this background, experts argued that a public international order was in the process of creation on the basis of private norms created by private actors. However, in recent years, States started to strike back in face of more and more strict and demanding doping regulations. The best example is the 2015 decision rendered by the Munich OLG in Germany with respect to the Pechstein affair, which put the fundamentals of global regulation on doping into question. This recent phenomenon seems to indicate the limits of a private process of creating an public international order.
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