| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In this study I reconsidered the history of meteorology in the German-speaking area around 1800 through the meteorological works of Lichtenberg, Arnim and Goethe. It is not only the construction of the network of observation and the improvement of instruments which contributed to the modernization of the meteorology, but also the invention of the visual representations like weather symbols, graphs, and isolines. However, at first their scientific meaning itself was reflected, and it was not established how to make use of them scientifically. Meteorology before 1830 was thus unstable between the mathematical abstraction and the visual concretization.
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