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A Study on the Origin and Lineage of Cattle and Horses viewed from the Bones Excavated at Ancient Sites in Japan.--- A Comparison with the Japanese Native Breeds ---

Research Project

Project/Area Number 62490012
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field 広領域
Research InstitutionKagoshima University

Principal Investigator

NISHINAKAGAWA Hayao  Kagoshima University, Associate Professor, 農学部, 助教授 (70041639)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) MATSUMOTO Mitsuharu  Kagoshima University, Research Associate, 農学部, 助手 (30157383)
KAMIMURA Toshio  Kagoshima University, Professor, 法文学部, 教授 (40136833)
Project Period (FY) 1987 – 1988
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1988)
Budget Amount *help
¥5,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1988: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1987: ¥4,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,300,000)
KeywordsAncient sites / Excavated bones / Native cattle / Native horses / Morphometry / Origin and Lineage / Clay image of horse / 土馬 / 主成分分析 / 起源系統 / 渡来時期
Research Abstract

In order to clarify the origin and lineage of cattle and horses in Japan, the remains from archaeological sites were investigated, and the bones of anciant cattle and horses were compared with those of native breeds by morphometric methods. The results are summarized as follows:
1. The number of sites in Japan where bones and teeth has been excavated amounts to 177(cattle) and 379(horse), totally 556, and the dates largely goes from the burial mound era to the middle ages. many of them are found in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Fukuoka, Osaka and Chiba.
2. The skulls and limb-bones of such native cattle as mishima cattle(male 2, female 2), Kuchinoshima cattle(m.3,f.7) and modern Japanese Black cattle(m.10,f.20) were measured, and, judging from the results of measurements and principal component analysis, it was found that Kuchinoshima cattle is the smallest.
3. According to the principal component analysis the skulls and limb-bones of such native horses as Tokara (pony) horse(m.5,f.8), Misaki horse(m. … More 9,f.13), Kiso horse(m.1,f.10) and modern thoroughbred(m.5,f.5) were clealy separated in size. In addition, the estimated formulas of withers height were made from the length, breadth and diameter of bones in cattle and horses.
4. All the cattle bones which has been excavated from over 20 sites such as Fujiwara-kyo, Heian-kyo and Kakiwara shell-mound are smaller than Japanese Black cattle but are of the same size with the native. most of the horse bones excavated from Fujuwara-kyo, Heian-kyo, and Chibachihigashi sites etc. were considered to belong to those of medium-sized as the Misaki horse.
5. In later burial mound era, clay images of horse decorated with Gyoyo and Bataku has been excavated mostly in Kanto district but rarely in the west part of Japan. Doba, supposed to be used in religious service, has been excavated in many instances from the mounds built in Nara and Heian Era and they were found in almost all over Japan.
6. From the result mentioned above, the date of the introduction of cattle and horse into Japan could be estimated from Yayoi to Anciant Burial Mound Era, but further examination of excavated articles in various parts of japan must be promoted. Less

Report

(3 results)
  • 1988 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1987 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (16 results)

All Other

All Publications (16 results)

  • [Publications] 西中川駿: 博多11、福岡市埋蔵文化財調査報告書. 第176集. 35-38 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 西中川駿,金子浩昌,松元光春: 人類学跡雑誌. (1989)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 西中川駿,下市寿,立松弘,松元光春,大塚閏一: 日本畜産学会報. (1989)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 下市寿,西中川駿,松元光春,大塚閏一: 第105回 日本獣医学会講演要旨集. 42 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 立松 ,西中川駿,松元光春,大塚閏一: 第106回 日本獣医学会講演要旨集. 11 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 西中川閏,金子浩昌,松元光春,大塚閏一: 第106回 日本獣医学会講演要旨集. 11 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Nishinakagawa, H.: "On the horse bones excavated at Hakata Sites (No.33)." Archaeological Records of Fukuoka City, Fukuoka City Board of Education. 176. 35-38 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Nishinakagawa, H.; Kaneko, H.; Matsumoto, M.: "On the horse bones excavated at Fujiwara-kyo site" J. Anthrop. Soc. Nippon.

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Nishinakagawa, H.; Shimoichi, H.; Tatematsu, H.; Matsumoto, M.; Otsuka, J.: "Estimation of the withers height and the greatest length of bone from the breadth and diameter of bone in the cattle and horse." Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci.

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Shimoichi, H.; Nishinakagawa, H.; Matsumoto, M.; Otsuka, J.: "Morphometrical study on the bone of Japanese Cattle." The 105th Meeting of Jpn. Soc. Vet. Sci.42 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tatematsu, H.; Nishinakagawa, H.; Matsumoto, M.; Otsuka, J.: "Morphometrical study on the bone of Japanese native horse. -- On the skull and four limb-bones of Misaki, Kiso and Tokar horse --" The 106th Meeting of Jpn. Soc. Vet. Sci.11 (1988)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1988 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 西中川駿: 博多11,福岡市埋蔵文化財調査報告書. 第176集. 35-38 (1988)

    • Related Report
      1988 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 立松弘・西中川駿・松元光春・大塚閏一: 第106回日本獣医学会講演要旨集. 11 (1988)

    • Related Report
      1988 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 西中川駿・金子浩昌・松元光春・大塚閏一: 第106回 日本獣医学会講演要旨集. 11 (1988)

    • Related Report
      1988 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 西中川駿・金子浩昌・松元光春・大塚閏一: 第107回 日本獣医学会講演要旨集. (1989)

    • Related Report
      1988 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 西中川駿: 第105回日本獣医学会, 講演要旨集. 42 (1988)

    • Related Report
      1987 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1987-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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