動物用ポジトロン断層法による脳血流・代謝画像を用いた随意運動中枢機構の解明

• 研究課題/領域番号: 08558083
• 研究種目: 基盤研究(A)
• 配分区分: 補助金
• 応募区分: 展開研究
• 研究分野: 神経科学一般
• 研究機関: 京都大学
• 研究代表者: 柴崎 浩 京都大学, 医学研究科, 教授 (30037444)
• 研究分担者: 塚田 秀夫 浜松ホトニクス中央研究所, 研究員 ; 池田 昭夫 (池田 昭生) 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助手 (90212761) ; 長峯 隆 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助手 (10231490) ; 福山 秀直 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助教授 (90181297) ; 米倉 義晴 福井医科大学, 高エネルギー研究所, 教授 (60135572)
• 研究期間 (年度): 1996 – 1998
• 研究課題ステータス: 完了 (1998年度)
• 配分額: 18,600千円 (直接経費: 18,600千円); 1998年度: 3,200千円 (直接経費: 3,200千円); 1997年度: 4,500千円 (直接経費: 4,500千円); 1996年度: 10,900千円 (直接経費: 10,900千円)
• キーワード: ポジトロンCT / 動物 / 脳ブドウ糖代謝 / 脳血流 / 運動 / 感覚 / ラット / サル / 動物用PET / ブドウ糖代謝率 / 大脳皮質 / アセチルコリン / アルツハイマー病 / ハーダー腺 / アセチルコリンエステレース / 運動機構 / 随意運動 / 脳賦活試験

研究概要

当研究代表者らは,ヒトの随意運動の中枢制御とその障害機序に関する無侵襲的研究を行い,一次運動野および補足運動野の働きを明らかにしてきた.これらの運動制御のメカニズムを詳細に研究するため,動物モデルでの実験が重要であるが,そのための基礎的研究を行うことを本研究の目的とした.動物用ポジトロン断層法(PET)を用いて行う研究の大きな目的は,ヒトでは行えない侵襲的研究とヒトのPETデータの比較検討を行えることにある.われわれは京都大学と福井医科大学,浜松ホトニクスとの間で共同研究を行ってきた.この経験をもとに,新規に小動物用のPET装置の開発とその応用を行い,以下の成果をあげた.(1)小動物に使いやすいPET装置の開発:新しくPET装置(SHR7700L)を開発するにあたって,空間解像度の向上が重要で,断層面での空間解像度は3.5mm以下,Z軸方向が4.5mmとなるように検出器の幅を薄くした.またスキャナーのガントリーは回転しないようにした.(2)脳機能測定法の検討:脳ブドウ糖代謝率の測定方法で,動物脳ブドウ糖代謝率測定に最適な方法を検討した.また,齧歯類の前頭部下部にあるハーダー腺には,F18-フルオロデオキシグルコースの著しい集積があり,PETによる前頭葉ブドウ糖代謝率の正確な測定を妨害することが予測されたが,ハーダー腺除去ラットの前頭葉ブドウ糖代謝率は正常で,影響がないことを明らかにした.(3)脳賦活試験への応用:脳賦活試験の基礎的実験として,ネコやサルの四肢振動覚刺激による大脳皮質脳血流の増加を正確に測定する方法を開発した.これにより,脳神経活動の賦活にアセチルコリンとグルタミン酸が関与していることが明らかとなった.また,前脳基底核から大脳皮質に投射するアセチルコリン作動性神経系は,半対側の前脳基底核が大脳皮質へのアセチルコリン投射を代償し,また,神経成長因子も相互に関連性を示した。

研究成果

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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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