モンゴル草原植物群集の生産構造解析

• 研究課題/領域番号: 09041142
• 研究種目: 基盤研究(B)
• 配分区分: 補助金
• 応募区分: 一般
• 研究分野: 生態
• 研究機関: 東北大学
• 研究代表者: 広瀬 忠樹 東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (90092311)
• 研究分担者: 彦坂 幸毅 東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 助教授 (10272006) ; NIINEMETS Ul エストニア生態学研究所, 上級研究員
• 研究期間 (年度): 1997 – 1999
• 研究課題ステータス: 完了 (1999年度)
• 配分額: 6,400千円 (直接経費: 6,400千円); 1999年度: 2,100千円 (直接経費: 2,100千円); 1998年度: 2,100千円 (直接経費: 2,100千円); 1997年度: 2,200千円 (直接経費: 2,200千円)
• キーワード: 安定同位体 / モンゴル草原 / 窒素利用効率 / 水利用効率 / トレードオフ / 気候 / 遊牧 / モンゴル / 草原群集 / 群落生産 / 多様性 / 炭素安定同位体 / 炭素安定同位体比

研究概要

乾湿の傾度にしたがって分布する多様なモンゴル草原において,前年度採取した植物130種について,δ^<13>Cと窒素濃度の測定を終了した.130種中2種のみがC4植物であった.δ^<13>Cは生育環境の違いを反映したが,δ^<15>Nや窒素濃度は反映しなかった.当初予想したNUEとWUEの間に相関はなかった.しかし,3地点以上に出現した種(12種)についてδ^<13>Cと窒素濃度の相対値比較を行ったところ,窒素濃度は乾燥するにつれて高くなり, δ^<13>Cは乾燥するにつれて低くなる傾向が見いだされ,両者の間に有意な負の関係があった.これは種内では,NUEとWUEの間にはトレードオフに関係があることを示唆するものである.
モンゴル草原の植物群落構造に及ぼす気候と遊牧の影響について調査研究を行った.気候の異なる湿潤草原(Partizan)・典型草原(Tumentsogt)・乾燥草原(Bayan-Unjuul)のそれぞれに調査地を設定した.それぞれの調査値に遊牧の影響を排除するために,面積が100×100mの柵を設置し,柵内外の群落を層別刈り取りし生産構造を解析した.

研究成果

• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K.,Sudoh S.and Hirose T.: "Light acquisition and use of individuals competing in a sense stand of an annual herb,Xanthium canadense"Oecologia. 118. 388-396 (1999)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K.,Murakami A.and Hirose T.: "Balancing carboxylation and regeneration of ribulosa-1,5-bisphosphate in leaf photosynthesis : temperature acclimation of an evergreen tree, Quercus myrsinaefolia"Plant, Cell and Environment. 22. 841-849 (1999)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [文献書誌] Anten N.P.R.and HiroseT.: "Interspecific differences in above-ground growth patterns result in spatial and temporal partitioning of light among species in a tall-grass meadow"Journal of Ecology. 87. 583-597 (1999)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [文献書誌] Anten N.P.R.,Hikosaka K.and HiroseT.: "Nitrogen utilisation and the photosynthetic system"In : B.Marshall and J.A.Roberts(eds)Leaf Development and Canopy Growth, Sheffield Academic Press, UK. (2000)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka, K., Sudoh, S. and Hirose, T.: "Light acquisition and use of individuals competing in a sense stand of a annual herb, Xanthium canadense."Oecologia. 118. 388-396 (1999)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka, K., Murakami, A. and Hirose, T.: "Balancing carboxylation and regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate in leaf photosynthesis : temperature acclimation of an evergreen tree, Quercus myrsinaefolia"Plant, Cell and Environment. 22. 841-849 (1999)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [文献書誌] Anten, N.P.R. and Hirose T.: "Interspecific differences in above-ground growth patterns result in spatial and temporal partitioning of light among species in a tall-grass meadow"Journal of Ecology. 87. 583-597 (1999)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [文献書誌] Anten, N.P.R., Hikosaka, K. and Hirose, T.: "Nitrogen utilization and the photosynthetic system"In: B. Marshall and J.A. Roberts (eds) Leaf Development and Canopy Growth, Sheffield Academic Press, UK. (2000)
  • 説明: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K.,Sudoh S.and Hirose T.: "Light acquisition and use of individuals competing in a sense stand of an annual herb,Xanthium canadense"Oecologia. 118. 388-396 (1999)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K.,Murakami A.and Hirose T.: "Balancing carboxylation and regeneration of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate in leaf photosynthesis: temperature acclimation of an evergreen tree, Quercus myrsinaefolia"Plant,Cell and Environment. 22. 841-849 (1999)
• [文献書誌] Anten N.P.R.and Hirose T.: "Interspecific differences in above-ground growth patterns result in spatial and temporal partitioning of light among species in a fall-grass meadow"Journal of Ecology. 87. 583-597 (1999)
• [文献書誌] Anten N.P.R.,Hikosaka K.and Hirose T.: "Nitrogen utilisation and the photosynthetic system"In: B.Marshall and J.A. Roberts (eds) Leaf Development and Canopy Growth, Sheffield Academic Press, UK. (2000)
• [文献書誌] Anten,N.P.R.,Miyazawa,K.Hikosaka,K,Nagashima,H.and Hirose,T.: "Leaf nitrogen distribution in relation to leaf age and photon flux density in dominant and subordinate plants in dense stands of a dicotyledonous herb." Oecologia. 113. 314-324 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka,K.,Hirose,T.: "Leaf and canopy photosynthesis of C3 plants at elevated CO2 in relation to optimal partitioning of nitrogen among photosynthetic components:theoretical prediction." Ecological Modelling. 106. 247-259 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Shitaka,Y.,Hirose,T.: "Effects of shift in flowering time on the reproductive output of Xanthium canadense in a seasonal environment." Oecologia. 114. 361-367 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Anten,N.P.R.,Hirose,T.: "Biomass allocation and light partitioning among dominant and subordinate individuals in Xanthium canadense stands." Annals of Botany. 82. 665-673 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka,K.,Hanba,Y.T.,Hirose,T.and Terashima,I.: "Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in woody and herbaceous plants." Functional Ecology. 12. 896-905 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka,K.,Murakami,A.and Hirose,T.: "Temperature acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus:balancing regeneration and carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate.Proceedings of XIth international congress of photosynthesis." Kluwer,Dordrecht. (in press). (1999)
• [文献書誌] Hirose,T.,Bazzaz,F.A.: "Trade-off relationships between light- and nitrogen-use efficiency in canopy photosynthesis." Annals of Botany. 82. 195-202 (1999)
• [文献書誌] Anten,N.P.R.,Hirose,T.: "Interspecific differences in aboveground growth patterns result in spatial and temporal partitioning of light among species in tall-grass meadow." Journal of Ecology. (in press).
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka,K.,Sudoh,S.and Hirose,T: "Light acquisition and use of individuals competing in a dense satnd of an annual herb,Xanthium canadense." Oecologia. (in press).
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka..K.,Murakami,A.,Hirose,T.: "Balancing carboxylation and regenaration of ribulose bisphosphate in leaf photosynthesis in temperature acclimation of an evergreen tree,Quercus myrsinaefolia." Plant,Cell & Environment. (in press).
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K: "Modelling optimal temperature acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in C_3 plants with respect to nitrogen use." Annals of Botany. 80. 721-730 (1997)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K. , Hirose T.: "Leaf angle as a strategy for light competition: Optimal and evolutionary stable light-extinction coefficient within a canopy." Ecoscience. 4. 501-507 (1997)
• [文献書誌] Hirose T. , Ackerly D.D. , Traw M.B.Ramseier D. , Bazzaz F.A.: "CO_2 elevation, canopy photosyntheses, and optimal leaf area index." Ecology. 78. 2339-2350 (1997)
• [文献書誌] Anten N. P. R, Miyazawa K. , Hikosaka K. , Nagashima H. , Hirose T.: "Nitrogen distribution in dominant and subordinate plants in dense stands and solitary plants of a dicotyledonous herb." Oecologia. 113. 314-324 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K. , Hirose T.: "Leaf and canopy photosyntheses of C_3 plants at elevated CO_2 in relation to optimal partitioning of nitrogen among photosynthetic components: theoretical prediction." Ecologucal Modelling. (in press).
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka K. , Hanaba Y. Hirose T. , Terashima I.: "Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in leaves of woody and herbaceous species." Functional Ecology. (in press).
• [文献書誌] ShitakaY. , Hirose T.: "Effects of shift in flowering time on the reproductive output of Xanthium canadense in a seasonal environment." Occologia. (in press).