糖鎖遺伝子による細胞リモデリング

• 研究課題/領域番号: 10178104
• 研究種目: 特定領域研究(A)
• 配分区分: 補助金
• 研究機関: 大阪大学
• 研究代表者: 谷口 直之 大阪大学, 医学系研究科, 教授 (90002188)
• 研究分担者: 鈴木 明身 理化学研究所, 国際フロンティア, グループリーダー (70134533) ; 神奈木 玲児 大阪大学, 愛知県癌センター, 部長 (80161389) ; 木下 タロウ 大阪大学, 微生物研究所, 教授 (10153165) ; 辻 崇一 (財)基礎腫瘍学研究会付属腫溜研究所, 研究員 (90124677) ; 古川 鋼一 名古屋大学, 医学部, 教授 (80211530)
• 研究期間 (年度): 1998 – 2000
• 研究課題ステータス: 完了 (2000年度)
• 配分額: 287,400千円 (直接経費: 287,400千円); 2000年度: 100,000千円 (直接経費: 100,000千円); 1999年度: 78,000千円 (直接経費: 78,000千円); 1998年度: 109,400千円 (直接経費: 109,400千円)
• キーワード: 糖鎖 / 糖脂質 / 糖タンパク質 / 複合糖質 / 糖鎖リモデリング / 糖鎖遺伝子 / 糖転移酵素

研究概要

N-グリカンにbisectingGlcNAcを導入する糖転移酵素、GnT-IIIを導入した細胞ではEGFレセプターのエンドサイトーシスが亢進していること、またEGF刺激によるβ-カテニンのリン酸化が低下していることを見い出した。ドリコールリン酸マンノース合成酵素を制御するDPM2が、GPIアンカー合成の初期酵素をも制御することを見いだし、N型糖鎖とGPIアンカーの合成が連動していることを示した。細胞接着分子L-セレクチンの特異的リガンドと同定したシアリル6-スルホルイスxが、大腸上皮細胞に発現し、細胞の悪性化に伴って陰性化する傾向を有する事を見出した。これと対照的に、細胞が悪性化すると硫酸基を持たないシアリルルイスxの発現が増大する。正常大腸上皮細胞では、シアル酸の環状化によってセレクチンとの結合活性が調節されているが、悪性細胞ではこの調節機構が失われていることも判明した。ガングリオシド糖鎖合成に働く新しいシアル酸転移酵素遺伝子(ST6GalNAcV、VI)、およびグロボ系糖脂質合成に働くGb3合成酵素、Gb4合成酵素遺伝子を単離して機能を明らかにした。また、GM2/GD2合成酵素遺伝子ノックアウト、GD3合成酵素遺伝子ノックアウトマウスを用いて、複合型およびβ系列ガングリオシドが神経系維持と修復に必須なことを明らかにした。マウスシアル酸転移酵素のゲノム構造解析などのデータをまとめた。第3の新規Gal:→3硫酸転移酵素のcDNAクローニングを行い、O-結合型糖鎖のcore1鎖(Galβ1→3GalNAcα1→)に特異的に作用することを明らかにした。さらに基質特異性が既知のものとは異なる第4の酵素であるGal:→3硫酸転移酵素をブタ大腸から精製し、酵素学的性状を明らかにした。糖脂質硫酸転移酵素遺伝子のノックアウトマウスは、神経機能障害と精子形成障害をきたしたことから、硫酸化糖脂質のスルファチドとセミノリピドは、それぞれミエリン機能と精母細胞の分化に必須の分子であることが明らかとなった。

研究成果

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