がんの診断と治療

• 研究課題/領域番号: 11180101
• 研究種目: 特定領域研究
• 配分区分: 補助金
• 審査区分: 生物系
• 研究機関: 東京大学
• 研究代表者: 中村 祐輔 東京大学, 医科学研究所, 教授 (70217909)
• 研究分担者: 珠玖 洋 三重大学, 医学部, 教授 (80154194) ; 斎藤 泉 東京大学, 医科学研究所, 教授 (70158913) ; 上田 龍三 名古屋市立大学, 大学院・医学系研究科, 教授 (20142169) ; 平岡 真寛 京都大学, 医学研究科, 教授 (70173218) ; 上原 至雅 国立感染症研究所, 生物活性物質部, 部長(研究職) (50160213)
• 研究期間 (年度): 1999 – 2004
• 研究課題ステータス: 完了 (2004年度)
• 配分額: 73,800千円 (直接経費: 73,800千円); 2004年度: 2,500千円 (直接経費: 2,500千円); 2003年度: 15,600千円 (直接経費: 15,600千円); 2002年度: 20,000千円 (直接経費: 20,000千円); 2001年度: 18,000千円 (直接経費: 18,000千円); 2000年度: 16,000千円 (直接経費: 16,000千円); 1999年度: 1,700千円 (直接経費: 1,700千円)
• キーワード: がんの個性診断 / 免疫療法 / 遺伝子治療 / 分子標的治療 / 放射線療法 / 抗がん剤 / 抗癌剤 / 免疫治療 / 放射線治療 / オーダーメイド医療 / 化学療法

研究概要

がん細胞に生じた遺伝子増幅を種々のゲノム・遺伝子解析手法を利用して調べた結果、抗がん薬耐性などを規定する「がんの個性診断」の基礎研究が進んだ。また、遺伝子発現情報を利用した抗がん剤感受性予測法なども成果が上がり、実用化を視野に入れた臨床研究を実施している。免疫分野では、抗原提示能の高い樹状細胞を誘導する研究などが進んだことや、それらを利用したがん免疫療法の基盤研究が急速に進展し、すでに臨床応用へ向けた展開が急速に進みつつある。がん治療のための分子標的研究に関しては、幅広い範囲での分子の同定が進みつつあり、これらを利用した治療法やこれらを標的とする治療薬の開発が行われている。新規抗がん剤の探索に関しても有望な物質が見いだされ、臨床試験に入っているものもある。遺伝子治療分野では細胞特異的に高発現する機能や細胞特異的に感染する機構を持つアデノウイルスベクターの改良が進みつつある。さらに、遺伝子の発現を抑える新しい技術なども開発されてきている。放射線治療についても、感受性を規定する遺伝子に関する研究が進み、それらの情報が放射線治療の効率を高める治療法への応用につながりつつある。

研究成果

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