セラミックスにおける照射損傷の特徴評価

1989 年度 実績報告書

• 研究課題/領域番号: 01050026
• 研究機関: 九州大学
• 研究代表者: 木下 智見 九州大学, 工学部, 教授 (50037917)
• 研究分担者: 松井 尚之 名古屋大学, 工学部, 助手 (00023185) ; 堂山 昌男 名古屋大学, 工学部, 教授 (40010748) ; 井関 孝善 東京工業大学, 原子炉工学研究所, 教授 (20016843) ; 伊藤 憲昭 名古屋大学, 理学部, 教授 (90022996) ; 友清 芳二 九州大学, 工学部, 助教授 (40037891)
• キーワード: 核融合炉 / セラミックス / 黒鉛 / 照射損傷 / スエリング / 非晶質化 / 電気伝導 / 熱伝導

研究概要

セラミックスの照射損傷の特徴の内、次の1〜4の特徴を核融合炉材料の立場から評価し、それぞれ次の結果を得た。
1.弾性・非弾性の相乗効果、およびエネルギー密度の高い衝突と低い衝突の相乗効果の評価:Al_2O_3に関して中性子と電子線の正の相乗効果を、Si、Ge、MgO、Al_2O_3およびMgAl_2O_4に関してXe^+イオンと電子線の負(Si、Ge)および正(その他)の相乗効果を見出した。また、高密度励起による点欠陥形成機構を、量子化学的計算機模擬実験により証明した。
2.放射線照射下でのセラミックス構成原子濃度変化と相の安定性評価:電場および荷電粒子線照射下において、電気的中性条件を満足するような濃度変化を確認した。また、セラミックスの電気的特性は、粒界の不純物イオンにより支配されていることを確認した。
3.黒鉛の照射損傷機構の解明と実用黒鉛の照射損傷評価:電子およびイオン照射下における黒鉛のスエリング、双晶化、非晶質化および再晶出化過程の電顕「その場」観察を行なった。非晶質化に必要な損傷量は1dpa程度であり、5×10^<-3>dpa程度でスエリングは飽和する。これらの結果から、黒鉛の損傷機構を記述する原子論的モデルを提出した。さらに、電気伝導度、熱伝導度、蓄積エネルギーおよびポジトロンの寿命測定等から、中性子照射した実用黒鉛の照射損傷を評価した。
4.製法の異なるSiCの重照射損傷評価:製法の異なる3種類のSiCを500〜800Kの温度に保持し、最高1×10^<27>n/m^2の中性子を照射した。照射後および照射後の焼鈍過程でのスエリング量、硬度、ガス放出量および微細組織の観察等が行なわれ、核融合炉条件下での使用限度と、製法および焼結助剤の選別がなされた。

研究成果

• [文献書誌] C.Kinoshita: "A Study of Electron-Irradiation-Induced Amorphization and Swelling of Graphite through Electron Microscopy" Proc.of the Japan Academy Ser.B.65. 182-186 (1989)
• [文献書誌] K.Nakai: "Irradiation-Induced Spinodal Decomposition in Alloys" Journal of Nuclear Materials. 169. 116-125 (1989)
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• [文献書誌] K.Nakai: "Irradiation-Induced Spinodal Decomposition and Its Process in Fe-Mo Alloys" Journal of Nuclear Materials. (1990)
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• [文献書誌] T.Yamamoto: "Laser-induced Sputtering of Ga Atoms from Clean and Laser-Damaged GaP(III)Surfaces" Radiation Effects in Defects and Solids. 109. 213-217 (1989)
• [文献書誌] K.Tanimura: "Relaxation of Excitons Perturbed by Self-Trapped in RbI:Evidence for Exciton Fusion in Inorganic Solids with Strong Electron-Lattice Coupling" Phys.Rev.Let.(1990)
• [文献書誌] A.Shluger: "Models of Electronic defects and Self-Trapped Excitons in Li_2O" Journal Phys.C. (1990)
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• [文献書誌] H.Numata: "Positron Annihilation in Alloy Semiconductors and GaAs" Positron Annihilation(8th Int.Cong.on Positron Annihilation,Gent,1988)(World Scientific,Singapore). 717-718 (1989)
• [文献書誌] S.Ishibashi: "Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy on High-Tc Superconductor Aba_2Cu_3O_7ー(A=Y,Eu)" Positron Annihilation(8th Int.Conf.on Positron Annihilation,Gent,1988)(World Scientific,Singapore). 925-927 (1989)
• [文献書誌] M.Matsui: "Positron Annihilation in High Tc Ba-Y-Cu-O" Positron Annihilation(8th Int.Cong.on Positron Annihilation,Gent,1988)(World Scientific,Singapore). 928-930 (1989)
• [文献書誌] M.Doyama: "Positron Annihilation in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O High Tc Superconductors" Positron Annihilation(8th Int.Conf.on Positron Annihilation,Gent,1988)(World Scientific,Singapore). 931-932 (1989)
• [文献書誌] M.Doyama: "Computer Simulation of the Deformation of Small Crystals" Materials Science Forum. 37. 77-86 (1989)
• [文献書誌] M.Matsui: "Magnetic Properties of Fe Clusters in Noble Alloys" Proceedings of the MRS International Meeting on Advanced Materials. 11. 301-306 (1989)
• [文献書誌] K.Ishikawa: "Superconductivity and Magnetic Properties of YBa_2(Cu_<1-x>M_x)_3O_y,(M=Fe,Co,Ni)" Proceedings of the MRS International Meeting on Advanced Materials. 6. 347-352 (1989)
• [文献書誌] S.Ninagawa: "Superconducting Properties and Crystal Structure of(Y_<1-x>Ce_x)Ba_2Cu_3O_y" Proceeding of the MRS International Meeting on Advanced Materials. 6. 542-545 (1989)
• [文献書誌] M.Doi: "Mossbauer Effect of Nd_2(Fe_<1-x>)_<14>B(M=V,Mn,Pt,Ga)" Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets,1989,Kyoto. 559-568 (1989)
• [文献書誌] M.Matsui: "Magnetic Ordering in Superconducting YBa_2(Cu_<1-x>Fe_x)_3O_y Oxide" Journal of Nuclear Materials. 170. 211-216 (1990)
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• [文献書誌] M.Doyama: "Magnetic Phase Diagram of YBa_2(Cu_<1-x>Fe_x)_3O_y and YBa_2(Cu_<1-x>Co_x)_3O_y" Proceedings of International Conference of MRS(MRS'89),Boston,1989. (1990)
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• [文献書誌] T.Ishigaki: "Prssureless sintering of TiC-Al_2O_3 composites" J.Mater.Sci.,. 8. 678-680 (1989)
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• [文献書誌] K.Noda: "Irradiation Defects and Ion Conductivity of Lithium Oxide" Advances in Ceramics(American Ceramic Society). 25. 155-164 (1989)
• [文献書誌] H.Matsui: "Quenched-in Vacancies in Single Crystalline Uranium Monocarbide(UC)" Radiation Effects and Crystalline Lattice Defects. 108. 115-124 (1989)
• [文献書誌] Y.Onuki: "Magnetoresistance and de Haas-van Alphen Effect in UC" Journal of Physical Society of Japan. 59. 229-233 (1990)
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• [文献書誌] H.Matsui: "Neutron Irradiation Damage in Transition Metal Carbides" Journal of Nuclear Materials. in print. (1990)
• [文献書誌] K.Noda: "Electrical Conductivity of Lithium Oxide under Irradiation" Journal of Nuclear Materials. (1990)
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• [文献書誌] 井関孝善: "最近のセラミックス材料の開発と核融合分野への応用" 核融合研究. 62(3). 175-184 (1989)
• [文献書誌] K.Sasaki: "Helium Release from Neutron Irradiated SiC Containing ^<10>B Isotope" J.Nucl.Mater.168. 349-351 (1989)
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• [文献書誌] 木下智見: "セラミックス工学ハンドブック(分筆)反射高速電子線回析" (社)窯業協会, 5 (1989)
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