細胞運動における細胞骨格の動的性質

1990 年度 実績報告書

• 研究課題/領域番号: 01304059
• 研究機関: お茶の水女子大学
• 研究代表者: 能村 堆子 お茶の水女子大学, 理学部, 教授 (30022578)
• 研究分担者: 久永 眞市 東京工業大学, 生命理工学部, 助教授 (20181092) ; 高橋 景一 東京大学, 理学部, 教授 (40011481) ; 浜口 幸久 東京工業大学, 理学部, 教授 (70016161) ; 月田 承一郎 岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生理学研究所, 教授 (50155347) ; 馬渕 一誠 東京大学, 教養学部, 助教授 (40012520)
• キーワード: 細胞骨格 / アクチンーミオシン / ダイニンーチュ-ブリン / 動的不安定性 / 再構成運動系 / ニュ-ロフイラメント / 分裂装置 / 微小管

研究概要

生物体における骨格は、支持構造としての不変性と,生体の成長に伴う可変性をあわせもつことが要求される。この2つの相反した機能は、生体の構成単位である細胞にも要請されている。主にアクチンーミオシン系とチュ-ブリンーダイニン系から構成されている細胞骨格は細胞内で恒常的にあるいは細胞周期に同調して、骨格たる重合体と可変性を担う単量体との間に、量的変動をくり返しながら、要請された機能発現を充足している。こゝでは生成するばかりでなく、消減することもまた重要な機能の一つである。
本研究はこれらの系の動的性質がいかに細胞の機能と密接に関連しているかを、細胞運動を中心とした個々の系の具体例について,各々の研究者が計画に従って解析を行った。
(1)微小管の動的不安定性がMaps,dyneinの結合によっていかに制御されているかを解析し、dyneinの効果は、Mapsー微小管とPCー微小管で異なることを,Map2では結合siteが脱重合の停止重合の開始点であることを確定した。
(2)包転分子モ-タ-の解析。dyneinとmyosinについて、再構成運動系を用い、又クレオタイド特異性,ATP加水分解速度と運動の速さとの相関は高くないことを知った。平滑筋ミオシン,車軸築ミオシンを用いた運動の極性,アクチン分子内切断標品の運動速度について興味ある結果を得た。
(3)細胞内で機能分化した微小管の構成について,ウニ卵分裂装置で調べた結果,紡錘体,甲状体の微小管は異なるアイソタイプチュ-ブリンから構成されていることがわかった。
(4)ニュ-ロフイラメントの機能とリン酸化についてはHサブユニットの尾部のリン酸化は微小管との相互作用に,トリプレット蛋白の頭部は繊維の断片化に関与していることが明らかとなった。

研究成果

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