光合成系におけるカロテノイドの機能とその基礎としての反応動力学

1991 年度 実績報告書

• 研究課題/領域番号: 02305014
• 研究機関: 岡崎国立共同研究機構
• 研究代表者: 三室 守 岡崎国立共同研究機構, 基礎生物学研究所, 助手 (40142004)
• 研究分担者: 長江 裕芳 神戸市外国語大学, 助教授 (50124871) ; 嶋田 敬三 東京都立大学, 理学部, 助教授 (80112473) ; 小山 泰 関西学院大学, 理学部, 教授 (90079666) ; 加藤 哲也 京都大学, 理学部, 講師 (30025308) ; 垣谷 俊昭 名古屋大学, 理学部, 助教授 (90027350)
• キーワード: カロテノイド / 光合成 / エネルギ-移動 / 光合成色素蛋白 / 時間分解分光法 / 分子動力学

研究概要

光合成系におけるカロテノイドの機能を、単離した色素、色素蛋白質について分子動力学的に解析し、次のような知見を得た。
(1)実験対象としての色素蛋白質について、生化学的な解析が飛躍的に進んだ。
(1)褐藻からエネルギ-転移能を完全に保持したカロテノイド蛋白質単量体の単離精製に世界で初めて成功した。(2)渦鞭毛藻の水溶性ペリディニン蛋白質の会合体が分離され、アンテナ色素蛋白質の細胞内での一般的性質が確認された。(3)従来、カロテノイド蛋白のモデルとなると考えられていた色素蛋白質の機能を再検討する必要があることが判明した。
(2)単離されたカロテノイドの性質の解析を進めた。
(1)共役系が非対称構造を持つカロテノイドの吸収特性の理論的考察、(2)カロテノイドの吸収帯の赤色移行に関する理論的考察、(3)時間分解ラマン法によるS0準位内での振動緩和の特異な性質、等を明らかにした。
(3)エネルギ-転移機構について考察した。
(1)色素蛋白質中でのカロテノイドからのエネルギ-転移時間は、2ピコ秒より短く、色素間の特異的な相対位置関係が示唆された。(2)カロテノイドの禁制の第一励起準位からの発光測定に成功し、分子構造、エネルギ-転移過程とし関連が明らかとなった。(3)エネルギ-転移機構について、理論的に定式化を行い、電子交換相互作用、ク-ロン相互作用について、遷移一重項間、また多重極間の速度を見積ることができた。ク-ロン相互作用の可能性が具体的に示唆された。
(4)新たな実験系の開発、特に(1)ストリ-クカメラの導入による蛍光測定の時間分解能の改善、(2)色素蛋白質の再構成法の確立を行った。
(5)上記の結果を総合的に討論し、今後の問題点の整理、それらの解析のため共同研究の継続を確認した。

研究成果

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• [文献書誌] Mimuro,M.,U.Nagashima,S.Nagaoka,Y.Nishimura,S.Takaichi,T.Katoh,I.Yamazaki: "Quantitative analysis of the solvent effect on the relaxaーtion processes of carotenoids showing dual emissive characteristics." Chem.Phys.Lett.,.
• [文献書誌] Iwaki,M.,M.Mimuro and S.Itoh: "Prompt and delayed fluorescence of P700 and antenna chlorophylls in photosystem I particles containing 11 chlorophylls/P700." Biochim.Biophys.Acta,.
• [文献書誌] Mimuro,M.,T.Nozawa,N.Tamai and I.Yamazaki: "Heterogeneity of antenna components and energy transfer pathways in a green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus:Studies by the timeーresolved fluorescence spectra atー196℃." Biochim.Biophys.Acta.
• [文献書誌] Uehara,K.,Y.Hioki and M.Mimuro: "Selective formation of the chlorophyll a aggregate absorbing near 685 nm in aqueous tetrahydrofuran." Photochem.Photobiol.
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• [文献書誌] Y.Enomoto,T.Kakitani,A.Yoshimori: "Monte Carlo simulation on energy gap dependence of electron transfer reaction in polar solution:Effect of electric polarizability of solvent." Chem.Phys.Lett.186. 366-371 (1991)
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• [文献書誌] M.Kuki,Y.Koyama and H.Nagae: "TripletーSensitized and Thermal Isomerization of AllーTrans,7ーCis,9ーCis,13ーCis,and 15ーCis Isomers of βーCarotene:Configurational Dependence of the Quantum Yield of Isomerization via the T1 State." J.Phys.Chem.95. 7171-7180 (1991)
• [文献書誌] H.Nagae,T.Kakitani,M.Mimuro and T.Katoh: "A theoretical study on the interaction between carotenoids and bacterioーchlorophyll:Calculation of the excitation transfer matrix elements between neurosporen S2 and S1 states and Bchlーa S2 and S1 states."
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• [文献書誌] K.Masamoto: "Zeaxanthin accumulation in a cell wall enriched fraction of the cyanoーbacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 grown under highーintensity illumination." Mem.Fac.Edu,Kumamoto Univ.,Nat.Sci.40. 25-30 (1991)
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