1990 年度実績報告書

多種感覚入力による運動パタ-ン制御の中枢機構

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	02454024
研究機関	九州大学
研究代表者	立田栄光九州大学, 理学部, 教授 (10037179)
研究分担者	市川敏夫九州大学, 理学部, 助手 (50136420) 藤義博九州大学, 理学部, 助教授 (60037265)
キーワード	運動調節 / 逃避行動 / 光刺激 / 機械刺激 / 単眼系 / ニュ-ロン回路 / 電気生理 / ゴキブリ
研究概要	本年度はワモンゴキブリの運動中枢に対する多種感覚入力の経路の概要を明らかにした。運動の歩行時には、複眼、触角、振動受容器、尾葉、自己受容器等が同時に刺激される。これらの感覚入力は私共が生理形態学的に同定した中大脳にある2対のニュ-ロンにプラス、マイナスと符号を変えながら収斂することが明らかになった。このニュ-ロンをSMーニュ-ロン(small multimodal ocellar neuronの略)と名付けた。SMーニュ-ロンは、前大脳に2対ある下降性ニュ-ロンを興奮させる。この下降性ニュ-ロンをDOーニュ-ロン(descending ocellar neuronの略)と名付けた。DOーニュ-ロンの軸索は食道下神経節を経て、腹髄を腹部迄下降する。ゴキブリの走行時には種々の感覚器が刺激されるため、DOーニュ-ロンは持続的にスパイクを発生している。感覚器のうち単眼だけは光刺激により瞬時にDOーニュ-ロンの放電を抑制した。これは薄暮下では、複眼に比べて絶対感度の良い単眼が光環境をモニタ-することにより、走行コ-スを制御するためと考えられた。次にDOーニュ-ロンがどのように信号を胸部、腹部神経系に送るかを調べた。下降性の軸索の形態を細胞内染色で調べた結果、軸索は食道下神経節、前胸、中胸、後胸の各神経節、更に腹部の神経節で側枝を出していることが分った。これはDOーニュ-ロンが微細な運動の調節ではなく全体の運動系活動を迅速に調節する機能を果していることを示唆する結果であった。このことを確認するためDOーニュ-ロンに通電刺激をしスパイクを発生させ、胸部神経節からでるいくつかの神経にどのように出力するかを調べた。その結果、ほとんどの神経で放電頻度の変化が見られた。以上の結果は、DOーニュ-ロンに伝えられた多種感覚入力が運動系を調節する経路の一部を示したものであるが、次年度は運動ニュ-ロン回路そのものを解析したい。

研究成果

(19件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (19件)

[文献書誌] J.ーT.Lin: "Putative neurotransmitter in the ocellar neuropil of american cockroaches." Zool.Sci.7. 593-603 (1990)
[文献書誌] N.Doi: "Modification of cockroach behavior to environmental humidity change by dehydration." J.Insect Behavior. (1991)
[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)
[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Neural organization of the optic neuropil of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)
[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Electrophysiological properties of the larval visual system of the tiger beetle,<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)
[文献書誌] T.Muta: "Limulus factor C:An endotoxinーsensitive serine protease zymogen with mosaic structure of complementーlike,epidermal growth factorーlike,and lectinーlike domains." J.Biol.Chem.(1991)
[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the larval tiger beetle (<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー)II.Optic neuropils." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)
[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of hemocytes of the Japanese horseshoe crab:Fine structure morphological changes during coagulation and localization of some clotting factors and antimicrobial substances." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)
[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structural changes of rhabdomeric microvilli in the blue crab <Callinectes>___ー <sapidus>___ー." Zool.Sci.(1990)
[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Diurnal changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the retinular cell in the compound eye of the grapsid crab,<Hemigrapsus>___ー <penicillatus>___ー." J.Electron Microsc.39. 492-500 (1990)
[文献書誌] T.Ohyama: "Morphological and physiological characterization of small multimodal ocellar interneurons in the American cockroach." J.Comp.Neurol.301. 501-510 (1990)
[文献書誌] T.Ohyama: "Morphological and physiological characterization of descending ocellar interneurons in the American cockroach." J.Comp.Neurol.301. 511-519 (1990)
[文献書誌] T.Muta: "Proclotting enzyme from horseshoe crab hemocytes:cDNA cloning,disulfide locations and subcellular localization." J.Biol.Chem.265. 22426-22433 (1990)
[文献書誌] T.Shigenaga: "Antimicrobial tachyplesin peptide precursor cDNA cloning and cellular localization in the horseshoe crab (<Tachypleus>___ー <tridentatus>___ー)." J.Biol.Chem.265. 21350-21354 (1990)
[文献書誌] K.Yamana: "Structure of the Temporal organ of the japanese house centipede,<Thereuonema>___ー <hilgendorfi>___ー verhoeff." J.Morphol.203. 311-319 (1990)
[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Morphological and physiological characterization of the paraーocellar nerve of the cockroach,<Periplaneta>___ー <americana>___ー." Zool.Sci.7. 331-334 (1990)
[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Spectral sensitivities of elementary colorーcoded neurons in butterfly larva." J.Neurophysiol.64. 1861-1872 (1990)
[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Integration of color signals in the medulla of swallowtail butterfly larva." J.Exp.Biol.(1990)
[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Brain photoreceptors in the pupal and adult butterfly:fate of the larval ocelli." J.Exp.Biol.(1990)

1990 年度実績報告書

多種感覚入力による運動パタ-ン制御の中枢機構

研究代表者

立田栄光九州大学, 理学部, 教授 (10037179)

研究成果

[文献書誌] J.ーT.Lin: "Putative neurotransmitter in the ocellar neuropil of american cockroaches." Zool.Sci.7. 593-603 (1990)

[文献書誌] N.Doi: "Modification of cockroach behavior to environmental humidity change by dehydration." J.Insect Behavior. (1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Neural organization of the optic neuropil of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Electrophysiological properties of the larval visual system of the tiger beetle,<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] T.Muta: "Limulus factor C:An endotoxinーsensitive serine protease zymogen with mosaic structure of complementーlike,epidermal growth factorーlike,and lectinーlike domains." J.Biol.Chem.(1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the larval tiger beetle (<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー)II.Optic neuropils." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of hemocytes of the Japanese horseshoe crab:Fine structure morphological changes during coagulation and localization of some clotting factors and antimicrobial substances." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structural changes of rhabdomeric microvilli in the blue crab <Callinectes>_ー <sapidus>_ー." Zool.Sci.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Diurnal changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the retinular cell in the compound eye of the grapsid crab,<Hemigrapsus>_ー <penicillatus>_ー." J.Electron Microsc.39. 492-500 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ohyama: "Morphological and physiological characterization of small multimodal ocellar interneurons in the American cockroach." J.Comp.Neurol.301. 501-510 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ohyama: "Morphological and physiological characterization of descending ocellar interneurons in the American cockroach." J.Comp.Neurol.301. 511-519 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Muta: "Proclotting enzyme from horseshoe crab hemocytes:cDNA cloning,disulfide locations and subcellular localization." J.Biol.Chem.265. 22426-22433 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Shigenaga: "Antimicrobial tachyplesin peptide precursor cDNA cloning and cellular localization in the horseshoe crab (<Tachypleus>_ー <tridentatus>_ー)." J.Biol.Chem.265. 21350-21354 (1990)

[文献書誌] K.Yamana: "Structure of the Temporal organ of the japanese house centipede,<Thereuonema>_ー <hilgendorfi>_ー verhoeff." J.Morphol.203. 311-319 (1990)

[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Morphological and physiological characterization of the paraーocellar nerve of the cockroach,<Periplaneta>_ー <americana>_ー." Zool.Sci.7. 331-334 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Spectral sensitivities of elementary colorーcoded neurons in butterfly larva." J.Neurophysiol.64. 1861-1872 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Integration of color signals in the medulla of swallowtail butterfly larva." J.Exp.Biol.(1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Brain photoreceptors in the pupal and adult butterfly:fate of the larval ocelli." J.Exp.Biol.(1990)

1990 年度 実績報告書

多種感覚入力による運動パタ-ン制御の中枢機構

研究代表者

立田 栄光 九州大学, 理学部, 教授 (10037179)

研究成果

[文献書誌] J.ーT.Lin: "Putative neurotransmitter in the ocellar neuropil of american cockroaches." Zool.Sci.7. 593-603 (1990)

[文献書誌] N.Doi: "Modification of cockroach behavior to environmental humidity change by dehydration." J.Insect Behavior. (1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Neural organization of the optic neuropil of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Electrophysiological properties of the larval visual system of the tiger beetle,<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] T.Muta: "Limulus factor C:An endotoxinーsensitive serine protease zymogen with mosaic structure of complementーlike,epidermal growth factorーlike,and lectinーlike domains." J.Biol.Chem.(1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the larval tiger beetle (<Cicindela>___ー <chinensis>___ー)II.Optic neuropils." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of hemocytes of the Japanese horseshoe crab:Fine structure morphological changes during coagulation and localization of some clotting factors and antimicrobial substances." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structural changes of rhabdomeric microvilli in the blue crab <Callinectes>___ー <sapidus>___ー." Zool.Sci.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Diurnal changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the retinular cell in the compound eye of the grapsid crab,<Hemigrapsus>___ー <penicillatus>___ー." J.Electron Microsc.39. 492-500 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ohyama: "Morphological and physiological characterization of small multimodal ocellar interneurons in the American cockroach." J.Comp.Neurol.301. 501-510 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ohyama: "Morphological and physiological characterization of descending ocellar interneurons in the American cockroach." J.Comp.Neurol.301. 511-519 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Muta: "Proclotting enzyme from horseshoe crab hemocytes:cDNA cloning,disulfide locations and subcellular localization." J.Biol.Chem.265. 22426-22433 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Shigenaga: "Antimicrobial tachyplesin peptide precursor cDNA cloning and cellular localization in the horseshoe crab (<Tachypleus>___ー <tridentatus>___ー)." J.Biol.Chem.265. 21350-21354 (1990)

[文献書誌] K.Yamana: "Structure of the Temporal organ of the japanese house centipede,<Thereuonema>___ー <hilgendorfi>___ー verhoeff." J.Morphol.203. 311-319 (1990)

[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Morphological and physiological characterization of the paraーocellar nerve of the cockroach,<Periplaneta>___ー <americana>___ー." Zool.Sci.7. 331-334 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Spectral sensitivities of elementary colorーcoded neurons in butterfly larva." J.Neurophysiol.64. 1861-1872 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Integration of color signals in the medulla of swallowtail butterfly larva." J.Exp.Biol.(1990)

[文献書誌] T.Ichikawa: "Brain photoreceptors in the pupal and adult butterfly:fate of the larval ocelli." J.Exp.Biol.(1990)

1990 年度実績報告書

立田栄光九州大学, 理学部, 教授 (10037179)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Neural organization of the optic neuropil of the tiger beetle (<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー) larva." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Electrophysiological properties of the larval visual system of the tiger beetle,<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー." Cell Tiss.Res.(1991)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structure of the visual system of the larval tiger beetle (<Cicindela>_ー <chinensis>_ー)II.Optic neuropils." Cell Tiss.Res.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Structural changes of rhabdomeric microvilli in the blue crab <Callinectes>_ー <sapidus>_ー." Zool.Sci.(1990)

[文献書誌] Y.Toh: "Diurnal changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the retinular cell in the compound eye of the grapsid crab,<Hemigrapsus>_ー <penicillatus>_ー." J.Electron Microsc.39. 492-500 (1990)

[文献書誌] T.Shigenaga: "Antimicrobial tachyplesin peptide precursor cDNA cloning and cellular localization in the horseshoe crab (<Tachypleus>_ー <tridentatus>_ー)." J.Biol.Chem.265. 21350-21354 (1990)

[文献書誌] K.Yamana: "Structure of the Temporal organ of the japanese house centipede,<Thereuonema>_ー <hilgendorfi>_ー verhoeff." J.Morphol.203. 311-319 (1990)

[文献書誌] A.Mizutani: "Morphological and physiological characterization of the paraーocellar nerve of the cockroach,<Periplaneta>_ー <americana>_ー." Zool.Sci.7. 331-334 (1990)