1992 年度実績報告書

光合成の環境適応の分子機構

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	04273103
研究機関	岡崎国立共同研究機構
研究代表者	村田紀夫岡崎国立共同研究機構, 基礎生物学研究所, 教授 (90011569)
研究分担者	小川晃男理化学研究所, 太陽光科学研究グループ, 副主任研究員 (80087593) 藤伊正筑波大学, 生物科学系, 教授 (20011611) 杉山達夫名古屋大学, 農学部, 教授 (50023453) 水野猛名古屋大学, 農学部, 教授 (10174038) 和田敬四郎金沢大学, 理学部, 教授 (70028174)
キーワード	環境適応 / 低温 / 塩ストレス / 乾燥 / 無機イオン欠乏 / ラン藻
研究概要	研究目的:低温、塩、無イオン欠乏等の環境要因の変化への適応現象を分子レベルで解明すること、および適応能力のすぐれた形質転換植物を作成することを全体の目的とする。本年度は、環境適応に関与する遺伝子のクローニングを重要目標とし、さらにクローニングされた遺伝子の解析と、形質転換植物作成のための準備をおこなうことを目標とする。研究成果:(1)低温適応において重要な役割を担う不飽和化酵素のうちΔ12位、ω3位、Δ9位に特異的な遺伝子をSynechocystis PCC6803から単離した。またΔ12位に特異的な遺伝子をSynechococcus PCC7002,Synechocystis PCC6714,Anabaena variabilis,Spirulina platenslsからもクローニングした。Δ12位に特異的な不飽和化酵素遺伝子の操作により、膜脂質の不飽和結合数を自在に変えられる系を確立した。このようにして作成した形質転換ラン藻株を用いて、膜脂質の不飽和化結合の生理学的役割を解明できるようになった。 (2)塩ストレスへの適応においてベタインの葉緑内における合成が重要であることが知られている。このベタインの生合成を司る酵素ベタインアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼのcDNAをコムギからクローニングした。もう一つの重要な酵素コリンモノオキシゲナーゼは精製中である。 (3)乾燥で誘導される遺伝子の中に、その産物が葉緑体にターゲットする遺伝子がみつかった。 (4)大腸菌で知られている浸透圧センサーに類似した遺伝子がSynechocystis PCC6803にも存在することがわかり、クローニングした。 (5)窒素の同化に関与するグルタミン合成酵素とGOGATの遺伝子は硝酸によって発現調節のおこなわれていることがわかった。

研究成果

(18件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (18件)

[文献書誌] Gombos,Z.: "Unsaturation of fatty acid in membrane lipids enhances the tolerance of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 to low-temperature photoinhibition." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.89. 9959-9963 (1992)
[文献書誌] Murata,N.: "Genetically engineered alteration in chilling sensitivity of plants." Nature. 356. 710-713 (1992)
[文献書誌] Ishitani,M.: "Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in the Gramineae:Levels in leaves of both betaine-accumulating and nonaccumulating cereal plants." Plant Cell Physiol.34. (1993)
[文献書誌] Nomura,M.: "Expression of E.coli bet genes in the transformable cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 and stabilization of phycobilisomes." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,submitted. (1993)
[文献書誌] Aiba,H.: "Sensor and regulator proteins from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus species PCC7942 that belong to the bacterial signal-transduction protein families:implication in the adaptive response to phosphate Limitation." Molecular Microbiology,. 8. (1993)
[文献書誌] Y-Shinozaki,K.: "Characterization of the expression of desiccation-responsive rd29 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of its promoter in transgenic plants." Mol.Gen.Genet.236. 331-340 (1993)
[文献書誌] Y-Shinozaki,K.: "Molecular cloning and characterization of 9 cDNAs for genes that are responsive to desiccation in Arabidopsis thaliana:Sequence analysis of one cDNA clone that encodes a putative transmembrane channel protein." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 217-224 (1992)
[文献書誌] Shinozaki,K: "Nucleotide sequence of a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a myb homologue." Plant Mol.Biol.19. 493-499 (1992)
[文献書誌] Sugiharto,B.: "Effects of nitrate and ammonium on gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrogen metabolism in maize leaf tissue during recovery from nitrogen stress." Plant Physiol.98. 1403-1408 (1992)
[文献書誌] Son,D.: "Nitrogen-dependent regulation of the gene for alanine aminotransferase which is involved in the C_4 pathway of Panicum miliaceum." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 507-509 (1992)
[文献書誌] Sugiharto,B.: "Cytokinin is required to induce the nitrogen-dependent accumulation of mRNAs for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in detached maize leaves." Plant Physiol.100. 153-156 (1992)
[文献書誌] Sakakibara,H.: "Differential effects of nitrate and light on the expression of glutamine synthetase and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in maize." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 1193-1198 (1992)
[文献書誌] Sugiharto,B.: "Glutamine induces the N-dependent accumulation of mRNAs encoding phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in detached maize leaf tissue." Plant Physiol.100. 2066-2070 (1992)
[文献書誌] Ogawa,T.: "NAD(P)H dehydrogenase:A component of PS-I cyclic electron flow driving inorganic carbon transport in cyanobacteria." Research in Photosynthesis. 3. 763-770 (1992)
[文献書誌] Ogawa,T.: "Molecular analysis of the CO_2-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria." Photosynthetic Responses to the Environment,. (1993)
[文献書誌] Miyagi,N.: "A nitrate-inducible plasma membrane protein of a marine alga,Heterosigma akashiwo." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 971-976 (1992)
[文献書誌] Wada,M.: "A marine algal Na^+-activated ATPase possesses an immunologically identical epitope to Na^+,K^+-ATPase." FEBS Lett.309. 272-274 (1992)
[文献書誌] Murata,N.: "Research in Photosynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3400 (1992)

1992 年度 実績報告書

光合成の環境適応の分子機構

研究代表者

村田 紀夫 岡崎国立共同研究機構, 基礎生物学研究所, 教授 (90011569)

研究成果

[文献書誌] Gombos,Z.: "Unsaturation of fatty acid in membrane lipids enhances the tolerance of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 to low-temperature photoinhibition." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.89. 9959-9963 (1992)

[文献書誌] Murata,N.: "Genetically engineered alteration in chilling sensitivity of plants." Nature. 356. 710-713 (1992)

[文献書誌] Ishitani,M.: "Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in the Gramineae:Levels in leaves of both betaine-accumulating and nonaccumulating cereal plants." Plant Cell Physiol.34. (1993)

[文献書誌] Nomura,M.: "Expression of E.coli bet genes in the transformable cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 and stabilization of phycobilisomes." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,submitted. (1993)

[文献書誌] Aiba,H.: "Sensor and regulator proteins from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus species PCC7942 that belong to the bacterial signal-transduction protein families:implication in the adaptive response to phosphate Limitation." Molecular Microbiology,. 8. (1993)

[文献書誌] Y-Shinozaki,K.: "Characterization of the expression of desiccation-responsive rd29 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of its promoter in transgenic plants." Mol.Gen.Genet.236. 331-340 (1993)

[文献書誌] Y-Shinozaki,K.: "Molecular cloning and characterization of 9 cDNAs for genes that are responsive to desiccation in Arabidopsis thaliana:Sequence analysis of one cDNA clone that encodes a putative transmembrane channel protein." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 217-224 (1992)

[文献書誌] Shinozaki,K: "Nucleotide sequence of a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a myb homologue." Plant Mol.Biol.19. 493-499 (1992)

[文献書誌] Sugiharto,B.: "Effects of nitrate and ammonium on gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrogen metabolism in maize leaf tissue during recovery from nitrogen stress." Plant Physiol.98. 1403-1408 (1992)

[文献書誌] Son,D.: "Nitrogen-dependent regulation of the gene for alanine aminotransferase which is involved in the C_4 pathway of Panicum miliaceum." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 507-509 (1992)

[文献書誌] Sugiharto,B.: "Cytokinin is required to induce the nitrogen-dependent accumulation of mRNAs for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in detached maize leaves." Plant Physiol.100. 153-156 (1992)

[文献書誌] Sakakibara,H.: "Differential effects of nitrate and light on the expression of glutamine synthetase and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in maize." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 1193-1198 (1992)

[文献書誌] Sugiharto,B.: "Glutamine induces the N-dependent accumulation of mRNAs encoding phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in detached maize leaf tissue." Plant Physiol.100. 2066-2070 (1992)

[文献書誌] Ogawa,T.: "NAD(P)H dehydrogenase:A component of PS-I cyclic electron flow driving inorganic carbon transport in cyanobacteria." Research in Photosynthesis. 3. 763-770 (1992)

[文献書誌] Ogawa,T.: "Molecular analysis of the CO_2-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria." Photosynthetic Responses to the Environment,. (1993)

[文献書誌] Miyagi,N.: "A nitrate-inducible plasma membrane protein of a marine alga,Heterosigma akashiwo." Plant Cell Physiol.33. 971-976 (1992)

[文献書誌] Wada,M.: "A marine algal Na^+-activated ATPase possesses an immunologically identical epitope to Na^+,K^+-ATPase." FEBS Lett.309. 272-274 (1992)

[文献書誌] Murata,N.: "Research in Photosynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3400 (1992)

1992 年度実績報告書

村田紀夫岡崎国立共同研究機構, 基礎生物学研究所, 教授 (90011569)