1996 年度実績報告書

細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構に関する研究

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	06101002
研究機関	東京大学
研究代表者	黒岩常祥東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)
研究分担者	内田英伸筑波大学, 生物科学系, 助手 (00261769) 中村宗一琉球大学, 理学部, 教授 (00201674) 高野博嘉東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助手 (70242104) 河野重行東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助教授 (70161338)
キーワード	母性遺伝 / 両性遺伝 / オルガネラの雌雄性 / 選択的消化 / オルガネラの融合 / シアニジウム / クラミドモナス / 真正粘菌
研究概要	本研究の目的は,以下の4つの現象を細胞質遺伝として統括し,分子細胞学的方法に加えてマイクロダイセクション装置および凍結試料割断システムを用いて,細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構を解明することにある.本年度の研究実績を以下に示す.1.無性生殖生物の細胞質遺伝の機構の解析:原始紅藻シアニジウムの葉緑体のRNAポリメレースσは細胞核にコードされており,細胞質で合成された後に葉緑体に移行することを明らかにした.オルガネラの分裂装置についても解析が進み,原始紅藻類のアクチン抗体を調製し,分裂装置の構築に関わる物質の局在やその収縮機構を凍結試料割断システム等を用いて明らかにしつつある.2.母性遺伝の分子機構の解析:単細胞緑藻クラミドモナスの接合直後に発現する遺伝子群(zys)の機能を解析し,zys3,4遺伝子の抗体を作製し,接合後の遺伝子発現,細胞壁構築や細胞接着に関連していることを明らかにした.3.両性遺伝の分子細胞機構:両性遺伝型植物ゼラニウムを用いて,花粉形成過程における色素体やミトコンドリアの挙動を免疫電顕等を用いて解析し,雄性配偶子のオルガネラDNAの消失に関して,色素体とミトコンドリアでは異なる挙動をすることを明らかにした.また,卵成熟過程で選択的にDNA増幅するミトコンドリアの三次元的動態を明らかにした.こうした挙動をするオルガネラの遺伝子構成を単一オルガネラレベルで解析するために,光ピンセット装置による単一オルガネラの分離・回収方法を考案し,PCR法によって極少数のオルガネラのDNA構成を検知できる系を開発した.4.オルガネラの雌雄性の分子細胞機構の解析:真正粘菌フィサルムのミトコンドリア融合を誘導するプラスミドは独自のRNAポリメラーゼ遺伝子を持ち,このプラスミドにコードされる遺伝子はエディテングされないことを明らかにした.これはミトコンドリアの雌雄性に関わるプラスミドの起源を探る上で極めて重要な知見である.

研究成果

(22件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (22件)

[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Checkpoint control on mitochondrial division in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Protoplasma. (印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Koitabashi,R.: "1,8-cineole inhibits root growth and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris L." J.Plant Res.(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Morita,E.: "High localization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the pyrenoids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(Chlorophyta)as revealed by cryo-fixation and immunogold electron microscopy" J.Phycol.(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Phylogenetic analysis of Yamagishiella and Platydorina(Volvocaceae,Chlorophyta)based on rbcL gene sequences" J.Phycol.(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Nagata,N.: "Preferential degradation of plastid DNA with preservation of mitochondrial DNA in the sperm cells of Pelargonium zonale during pollen development" Protoplasma. (印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Saito,C.: "Changes in the extent of the condensation of nuclear chromatin and the localization of RNA during pollen development in Nicotiana tabacum" Cytologia. (印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Sodmergen: "Quantitative study of organelle nucleoids during the second pollen grain mitosis in Oenothera biennis" Protoplasma. (印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Aphidicolin uncouples the chloroplast division cycle from the mitotic cycle in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Eur.J.Cell Biology. 71. 303-310 (1996)
[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,H.: "Studies on the development and three-dimensional reconstruction of giant mitochondria and their nuclei in egg cells of Pelargonium zonale Ait." Protoplasma. 192. 235-244 (1996)
[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "Ogranalle Division and Cytoplasmic Inheritance:Origin and Basis of the Transmission of Organelle Gensomes" BioScience. 46. 827-835 (1996)
[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "Optical isolation of individual mitochondrion of Physarum polycephalum for PCR analysis" Protoplasma. 194. 275-279 (1996)
[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Cytological analysis of the mature pollen of Actinidia deliciosa(Kiwifruit)" Cytologia. 61. 337-341 (1996)
[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Isolation and developmental expression of male reproductive organ-specific genes in a dioecious campion,Melandrium album(Silene latifolia)" Plant J.10. 679-689 (1996)
[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Ultrastructure of the Vegetative Colonies and Systematic Position of Basichlamys(Volvocales,Chlorophyta)" Eur.J.Phycol.31. 67-72 (1996)
[文献書誌] Okuwaki,T.: "Ultrastructure of the Golgi Body and Cell Surface in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Cytologia. 61. 69-74 (1996)
[文献書誌] Sakai,A.: "Amyloplast Formation in Cultured Tobacco Cells;Effects of Plant Hormones on Multiplication,Size and Starch Content" Plant Cell Reports. 15. 601-605 (1996)
[文献書誌] Suzuki,T.: "Organelle DNA synthesis before cell nuclear replication is essential for subsequent cell propagation" Cytologia. 61. 235-245 (1996)
[文献書誌] Suzuki,T.: "Variability of mitochondrial subgenomic molecules in the meristematic cells of higher plants" Genes Genet.Syst.71. 329-333 (1996)
[文献書誌] Takano,H.: "Rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion-promoting plasmid(mF)are associated with defective mitochondrial fusion in Physarum polycephalum" Curr.Genet.29. 257-264 (1996)
[文献書誌] Zachleder,V.: "Uncoupling of Chloroplast reproductive events from cell cycle division processes by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine in the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda" Protoplasma. 192. 228-234 (1996)
[文献書誌] Toda,K.: "Ditecting cytoplasmic rRNA in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Cytologia. 61. 439-442 (1996)
[文献書誌] Tanaka,K.: "Nuclear encoding of a chloroplast RNA polymerase sigma subunit in a red alga" Science. 272. 1932-1935 (1996)

1996 年度 実績報告書

細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構に関する研究

研究代表者

黒岩 常祥 東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)

研究成果

[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Checkpoint control on mitochondrial division in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Protoplasma. (印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Koitabashi,R.: "1,8-cineole inhibits root growth and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris L." J.Plant Res.(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Morita,E.: "High localization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the pyrenoids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(Chlorophyta)as revealed by cryo-fixation and immunogold electron microscopy" J.Phycol.(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Phylogenetic analysis of Yamagishiella and Platydorina(Volvocaceae,Chlorophyta)based on rbcL gene sequences" J.Phycol.(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Nagata,N.: "Preferential degradation of plastid DNA with preservation of mitochondrial DNA in the sperm cells of Pelargonium zonale during pollen development" Protoplasma. (印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Saito,C.: "Changes in the extent of the condensation of nuclear chromatin and the localization of RNA during pollen development in Nicotiana tabacum" Cytologia. (印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Sodmergen: "Quantitative study of organelle nucleoids during the second pollen grain mitosis in Oenothera biennis" Protoplasma. (印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Aphidicolin uncouples the chloroplast division cycle from the mitotic cycle in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Eur.J.Cell Biology. 71. 303-310 (1996)

[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,H.: "Studies on the development and three-dimensional reconstruction of giant mitochondria and their nuclei in egg cells of Pelargonium zonale Ait." Protoplasma. 192. 235-244 (1996)

[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "Ogranalle Division and Cytoplasmic Inheritance:Origin and Basis of the Transmission of Organelle Gensomes" BioScience. 46. 827-835 (1996)

[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "Optical isolation of individual mitochondrion of Physarum polycephalum for PCR analysis" Protoplasma. 194. 275-279 (1996)

[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Cytological analysis of the mature pollen of Actinidia deliciosa(Kiwifruit)" Cytologia. 61. 337-341 (1996)

[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Isolation and developmental expression of male reproductive organ-specific genes in a dioecious campion,Melandrium album(Silene latifolia)" Plant J.10. 679-689 (1996)

[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Ultrastructure of the Vegetative Colonies and Systematic Position of Basichlamys(Volvocales,Chlorophyta)" Eur.J.Phycol.31. 67-72 (1996)

[文献書誌] Okuwaki,T.: "Ultrastructure of the Golgi Body and Cell Surface in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Cytologia. 61. 69-74 (1996)

[文献書誌] Sakai,A.: "Amyloplast Formation in Cultured Tobacco Cells;Effects of Plant Hormones on Multiplication,Size and Starch Content" Plant Cell Reports. 15. 601-605 (1996)

[文献書誌] Suzuki,T.: "Organelle DNA synthesis before cell nuclear replication is essential for subsequent cell propagation" Cytologia. 61. 235-245 (1996)

[文献書誌] Suzuki,T.: "Variability of mitochondrial subgenomic molecules in the meristematic cells of higher plants" Genes Genet.Syst.71. 329-333 (1996)

[文献書誌] Takano,H.: "Rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion-promoting plasmid(mF)are associated with defective mitochondrial fusion in Physarum polycephalum" Curr.Genet.29. 257-264 (1996)

[文献書誌] Zachleder,V.: "Uncoupling of Chloroplast reproductive events from cell cycle division processes by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine in the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda" Protoplasma. 192. 228-234 (1996)

[文献書誌] Toda,K.: "Ditecting cytoplasmic rRNA in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Cytologia. 61. 439-442 (1996)

[文献書誌] Tanaka,K.: "Nuclear encoding of a chloroplast RNA polymerase sigma subunit in a red alga" Science. 272. 1932-1935 (1996)

1996 年度実績報告書

黒岩常祥東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)