1997 年度実績報告書

細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構に関する研究

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	06101002
研究機関	東京大学
研究代表者	黒岩常祥東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)
研究分担者	中村宗一琉球大学, 理学部, 教授 (00201674) 高野博嘉東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助手 (70242104) 河野重行東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助教授 (70161338)
キーワード	母性遺伝 / 両性遺伝 / オルガネラの雌雄性 / 選択的消化 / オルガネラの融合 / シアニジウム / クラミドモナス / 真正粘菌
研究概要	本研究の目的は,(i)無性生殖生物で見られるオルガネラの分裂・増殖と有性生物でみられるオルガネラの母性遺伝・両性遺伝を細胞質遺伝として総括するとともに,(ii)分子細胞学的手法にマイクロダイセクション装置を用いたピンポイント分子生物学的手法を加え,研究実施計画で示す4つの現象を細胞と分子のレベルで解明することにある.本年度の研究実績を以下に示す.1)無性生殖生物の細胞質遺伝の機構の解析:細胞質分裂リングの形成機構を,新たな抗アクチン抗体を用いて分子細胞学的に解析し,アクチンの分布とリング形成との関わりを明らかにした.また,オルガネラ分裂リングに関しても,電顕三次元立体構築法を用いて,それが三層構造であることを明らかにした.2)母性遺伝の分子機構の解析:クラミドモナスの接合直後から発現する遺伝子(zys4)が接合子間の接着に関与していることを明らかにした.また,クラミドモナスの形質転換系を用いて,葉緑体核の形状に関わる突然変異体を単離・同定した.3)両性遺伝の分子細胞機構:両性遺伝型・母性遺伝型植物の花粉形成過程におけるオルガネラの動態を,ミトコンドリアと色素体に分けて解析する方法を開発し,ミトコンドリアと色素体のいずれでもDNA消失・残存が母性・両性遺伝の原因であるとを実証した.また,マイクロダイセクション装置を用いた極微小試料の操作技術を確立し,クラミドモナスの母性遺伝機構を細胞あるいはオルガネラ一つレベルで解析することを可能にした.4)オルガネラの雌雄性の分子細胞機構の解析:ミトコンドリア融合に関与するコイルドコイル構造と膜貫通領域を持つタンパク質の局在とその作用機作を解析するために,ミトコンドリア融合を誘導するミトコンドリアプラスミドの遺伝子産物に対する抗体を作成した.また,ミトコンドリア融合や雌雄性に関与する真正粘菌でのみ見られるミトコンドリアプラスミドの起源を明らかにした.

研究成果

(35件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (35件)

[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "The dividion apparatus of plastids and mitochondria" Int.Rev.Cytol.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "The primitive red algae:Cyanidium caldarium and Cyanidioschyzone merolae as model system for investigating the dividing apparatus of mitochondria and plastids" Bioessays. (印刷中).
[文献書誌] Arai,S.: "Isolation,characterization,and chromosome mapping of an actin gene from the primitive green alga,Nannochloris bacillaris(Chlorophyceae)" J.Phycol.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Inada,N.: "Three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice(Orvza sativa L.)coleoptiles.Investigations of tissues and cells by fluorescence microscopy" Planta. (印刷中).
[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Delta-9 fatty acid desaturase gene containing a carboxyl terminal cytochrome b5 domain from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Curr.Genet.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Miyagishima,S.: "Visualization of the microbody division in Cyanidioschyzone merolae with fluorochrome brilliant sulfoflavin" Protoplasma. (印刷中).
[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Characterization of rbcL group IA introns from two colonial volvocalean species(Chlorophyceae)" Plant Mol.Biol.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Ohta,N.: "Analysis of the cluster of ribosomal protein genes in the plastid genome of a unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzone merolae:Translocation of the str cluster as an early event in the Rhodophyte-Chromophyte lineage of plastid evolution" J.Mol.Evol.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Saito,C.: "Detection and quantification of rRNA by high-resolution in situ hybridization in pollen grains" J.Plant Res.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Sakai,A.: "Simultaneous isolation of cell-nuclei,plastid-nuclei,and mitochondrial -nuclei from cultured tobacco cells;comparative analysis of their transcriptional activities in vitro" Plant Sci.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Takahashi,H.: "A possible role of actin dots in the formation of the contractile ring in the ultra-micro alga Cyanidium caldarium RK-1" Protoplasma. (印刷中).
[文献書誌] Toda,K.: "Characterization of a chloroplast isoform of serine acetyltransferase from the thermo-acidiphilic red alga Cyanidioschyzone merolae" Biochim.Biophys.Acta. (印刷中).
[文献書誌] Ueda,M.: "Microtuble-dependent migration and positioning of the cell nucleus toward the future leading edge in amoebae of Physarum polycephalum during chemotaxis" J.Cell Sci.(印刷中).
[文献書誌] Higashiyama,T.: "Kinetics of double fertilization in Torenia fournieri based on direct ovservations of the naked embryo sac" Planta. 203. 101-110 (1997)
[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Checkpoint control on mitochondrial division in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Protoplasma. 196. 135-141 (1997)
[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "DNA gyrase involvement in chloroplast-nucleoid division in Cyanidioschyzone merolae" Eur.J.Cell Biol.73. 252-258 (1997)
[文献書誌] Kawano,S.: "The origin of a linear mitochondrial plasmid(mF)that promotes mitochondrial fusion in laboratory strains of Physarum polycephalum" Proc.Japan Acad.73(B). 126-131 (1997)
[文献書誌] Kawazu,T.: "Observation of Golgi bodies in Zea mays roots by Technovit DiOC6-DAPI double-stain microscopy" Cytologia. 62. 97-102 (1997)
[文献書誌] Koitabashi,R.: "1,8-cineole inhibits root growth and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris L." J.Plant Res.110. 1-6 (1997)
[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "MROS1,a male stamen-specific gene in the dioecious campion Silene latifolia is expressed in mature pollen" Plant Cell Physiol.38. 499-502 (1997)
[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Amplification of PFGE-separated chromosome-specific DNA by degenerate oligonucleotide-pimed PCR(DOP-PCR)" Biotechnol.Techniq.11. 503-505 (1997)
[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Clear visulization of the products of nonradioactive in situ hybridization plant tissue by simple dark-feild microscopy" Micron. 28. 185-187 (1997)
[文献書誌] Morita,E.: "High localization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the pyrenoids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(Chlorophyta)as revealed by cryo-fixation and immunogold electron microscopy" J.Phycol.33. 68-72 (1997)
[文献書誌] Ohta,N.: "Analysis of a Plastid Gene Cluster Reveals a Close Relationship between Cyanidioschyzon and Cyanidium" J.Plant Res.110. 235-245 (1997)
[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Phylogenetic analysis of Yamagishiella and Platydorina(Volvocaceae,Chlorophyta)based on rbcL gene sequences" J.Phycol.33. 272-278 (1997)
[文献書誌] Nagata,N.: "Preferential degradation of plastid DNA with preservation of mitochondrial DNA in the sperm cells of Pelargonium zonale during pollen development" Protoplasma. 197. 217-229 (1997)
[文献書誌] Saito,C.: "Changes in the extent of the condensation of nuclear chromatin and the localization of RNA during pollen development in Nicotiana tabacum" Cytologia. 62. 121-132 (1997)
[文献書誌] Sakai,A.: "Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells II:Effets of transcription/translation inhibitors on accumulation of starch" Cytologia. 62. 295-301 (1997)
[文献書誌] Sasaki,N.: "In situ analysis of membrane-binding region of multiple mitochondrial DNA molecules in the mitochondrial nucleus of Physarum polycephalum" Cytologia. 62. 309-314 (1997)
[文献書誌] Sodmergen: "Quantitative study of organelle nucleoids during the second pollen grain mitosis in Oenothera biennis" Protoplasma. 198. 66-72 (1997)
[文献書誌] Suzuki,L.: "Transcription and translation involved in pellicle formation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygote" Cytologia. 62. 421-425 (1997)
[文献書誌] Suzuki,L.: "Transcription and translation involved in uniparental inheritance and cell nuclei fusion in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygote" Cytologia. 62. 427-433 (1997)
[文献書誌] Takahashi,H.: "Improved procedure for immunogold electron microscopy:Rapid-freeze substitution with absolute aceton" Cytologia. 62. 303-308 (1997)
[文献書誌] Takano,H.: "No RNA editing on transcripts of the mitochondrial plasmid in mitochondria which have RNA-editing system" DNA Res.4. 67-71 (1997)
[文献書誌] Takano,H.: "Mitochondrial fusion promoting plasmid" Cell Struct.Funct.22. 299-308 (1997)

1997 年度 実績報告書

細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構に関する研究

研究代表者

黒岩 常祥 東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)

研究成果

[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "The dividion apparatus of plastids and mitochondria" Int.Rev.Cytol.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Kuroiwa,T.: "The primitive red algae:Cyanidium caldarium and Cyanidioschyzone merolae as model system for investigating the dividing apparatus of mitochondria and plastids" Bioessays. (印刷中).

[文献書誌] Arai,S.: "Isolation,characterization,and chromosome mapping of an actin gene from the primitive green alga,Nannochloris bacillaris(Chlorophyceae)" J.Phycol.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Inada,N.: "Three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice(Orvza sativa L.)coleoptiles.Investigations of tissues and cells by fluorescence microscopy" Planta. (印刷中).

[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Delta-9 fatty acid desaturase gene containing a carboxyl terminal cytochrome b5 domain from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Curr.Genet.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Miyagishima,S.: "Visualization of the microbody division in Cyanidioschyzone merolae with fluorochrome brilliant sulfoflavin" Protoplasma. (印刷中).

[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Characterization of rbcL group IA introns from two colonial volvocalean species(Chlorophyceae)" Plant Mol.Biol.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Ohta,N.: "Analysis of the cluster of ribosomal protein genes in the plastid genome of a unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzone merolae:Translocation of the str cluster as an early event in the Rhodophyte-Chromophyte lineage of plastid evolution" J.Mol.Evol.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Saito,C.: "Detection and quantification of rRNA by high-resolution in situ hybridization in pollen grains" J.Plant Res.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Sakai,A.: "Simultaneous isolation of cell-nuclei,plastid-nuclei,and mitochondrial -nuclei from cultured tobacco cells;comparative analysis of their transcriptional activities in vitro" Plant Sci.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Takahashi,H.: "A possible role of actin dots in the formation of the contractile ring in the ultra-micro alga Cyanidium caldarium RK-1" Protoplasma. (印刷中).

[文献書誌] Toda,K.: "Characterization of a chloroplast isoform of serine acetyltransferase from the thermo-acidiphilic red alga Cyanidioschyzone merolae" Biochim.Biophys.Acta. (印刷中).

[文献書誌] Ueda,M.: "Microtuble-dependent migration and positioning of the cell nucleus toward the future leading edge in amoebae of Physarum polycephalum during chemotaxis" J.Cell Sci.(印刷中).

[文献書誌] Higashiyama,T.: "Kinetics of double fertilization in Torenia fournieri based on direct ovservations of the naked embryo sac" Planta. 203. 101-110 (1997)

[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "Checkpoint control on mitochondrial division in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Protoplasma. 196. 135-141 (1997)

[文献書誌] Itoh,R.: "DNA gyrase involvement in chloroplast-nucleoid division in Cyanidioschyzone merolae" Eur.J.Cell Biol.73. 252-258 (1997)

[文献書誌] Kawano,S.: "The origin of a linear mitochondrial plasmid(mF)that promotes mitochondrial fusion in laboratory strains of Physarum polycephalum" Proc.Japan Acad.73(B). 126-131 (1997)

[文献書誌] Kawazu,T.: "Observation of Golgi bodies in Zea mays roots by Technovit DiOC6-DAPI double-stain microscopy" Cytologia. 62. 97-102 (1997)

[文献書誌] Koitabashi,R.: "1,8-cineole inhibits root growth and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris L." J.Plant Res.110. 1-6 (1997)

[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "MROS1,a male stamen-specific gene in the dioecious campion Silene latifolia is expressed in mature pollen" Plant Cell Physiol.38. 499-502 (1997)

[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Amplification of PFGE-separated chromosome-specific DNA by degenerate oligonucleotide-pimed PCR(DOP-PCR)" Biotechnol.Techniq.11. 503-505 (1997)

[文献書誌] Matsunaga,S.: "Clear visulization of the products of nonradioactive in situ hybridization plant tissue by simple dark-feild microscopy" Micron. 28. 185-187 (1997)

[文献書誌] Morita,E.: "High localization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the pyrenoids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(Chlorophyta)as revealed by cryo-fixation and immunogold electron microscopy" J.Phycol.33. 68-72 (1997)

[文献書誌] Ohta,N.: "Analysis of a Plastid Gene Cluster Reveals a Close Relationship between Cyanidioschyzon and Cyanidium" J.Plant Res.110. 235-245 (1997)

[文献書誌] Nozaki,H.: "Phylogenetic analysis of Yamagishiella and Platydorina(Volvocaceae,Chlorophyta)based on rbcL gene sequences" J.Phycol.33. 272-278 (1997)

[文献書誌] Nagata,N.: "Preferential degradation of plastid DNA with preservation of mitochondrial DNA in the sperm cells of Pelargonium zonale during pollen development" Protoplasma. 197. 217-229 (1997)

[文献書誌] Saito,C.: "Changes in the extent of the condensation of nuclear chromatin and the localization of RNA during pollen development in Nicotiana tabacum" Cytologia. 62. 121-132 (1997)

[文献書誌] Sakai,A.: "Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells II:Effets of transcription/translation inhibitors on accumulation of starch" Cytologia. 62. 295-301 (1997)

[文献書誌] Sasaki,N.: "In situ analysis of membrane-binding region of multiple mitochondrial DNA molecules in the mitochondrial nucleus of Physarum polycephalum" Cytologia. 62. 309-314 (1997)

[文献書誌] Sodmergen: "Quantitative study of organelle nucleoids during the second pollen grain mitosis in Oenothera biennis" Protoplasma. 198. 66-72 (1997)

[文献書誌] Suzuki,L.: "Transcription and translation involved in pellicle formation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygote" Cytologia. 62. 421-425 (1997)

[文献書誌] Suzuki,L.: "Transcription and translation involved in uniparental inheritance and cell nuclei fusion in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygote" Cytologia. 62. 427-433 (1997)

[文献書誌] Takahashi,H.: "Improved procedure for immunogold electron microscopy:Rapid-freeze substitution with absolute aceton" Cytologia. 62. 303-308 (1997)

[文献書誌] Takano,H.: "No RNA editing on transcripts of the mitochondrial plasmid in mitochondria which have RNA-editing system" DNA Res.4. 67-71 (1997)

[文献書誌] Takano,H.: "Mitochondrial fusion promoting plasmid" Cell Struct.Funct.22. 299-308 (1997)

1997 年度実績報告書

黒岩常祥東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)