1996 年度実績報告書

アポプラストのダイナミズム

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	07304054
研究機関	広島大学
研究代表者	桜井直樹広島大学, 総合科学部, 教授 (90136010)
研究分担者	渡辺昭東京大学, 大学院・理学系, 教授 (70023471) 間藤徹京都大学, 農学部, 助教授 (50157393) 三村徹郎一橋大学, 商学部, 助教授 (20174120) 佐藤忍筑波大学, 生物科学, 助教授 (70196236) 和田正三東京都立大学, 理学部, 教授 (60011681)
キーワード	アポプラスト / 細胞壁 / 物質輸送 / セルロース / グルカナーゼ / ホルモン / キシログルカン / 微量元素
研究概要	本年度の研究成果は、次の通りである。 [1]オオムギ細胞壁に結合したグルカナーゼ5種を同定した。それらは、(1)エンド-1.3:1.4グルカナーゼ、(2)エンド-1.3-グルカナーゼ-1、(3)及び同一2、(4)エキソグルカナーゼ-1、(5)及び同-2、である。このうち、イネ科植物の細胞壁の1,3:1,4-グルカンを分解するのは(1)と(4)のグルカナーゼであることが分かった。 [2]オオムギ細胞壁にインドールアセトアルデヒドをインドール酢酸に変換するオキシダーゼ活性が存在することを見出した。この酵素活性のKm値は5μMで、細胞質のKm値31μMよりも低く、細胞壁に強く結合している。また、カボチャ下胚軸を用いた実験系により、アポプラストにシンプラストの約5倍の濃度のインドール酢酸が存在することを見出した。 [3]植物必須微量元素であるホウ素は、細胞壁に局在することが知られるようになったが、このホウ素が細胞壁多糖類のうちラムノガラクツロナンにジオールエステル結合で結合し、2本の多糖分子を架橋していることを見出した。 [4]キシログルカンの伸長成長に伴う分解では、最初にセルロースが分解され、それを架橋していたキシログルカンが次に分解される可能性が示された。 [5]植物細胞には動物細胞に見られるようなRGDペプチドのホモログは存在しない可能性が高いことが示された。 [6]液胞のリン酸濃度とアポプラストのリン酸濃度が互いに連携して細胞質のリン酸濃度の平衡化に寄与していることがpH感受性蛍光色素を用いた実験で示された。これらの知見により、アポプラスト内で、植物ホルモン、多糖類関連酵素、無機イオン等の生命活動に必要な物質がダイナミックに代謝されていることが明らかとなった。

研究成果
(26件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (26件)

[文献書誌] K. Turusaki, Y. Masuda & N. Sakurai: "Distribution of indole-3-acetic acid in the Apoplast and symplast of squash (Cuarbita maxima) hypocotyls" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・3(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] M. Kobayashi, T. Matoh & J. Azuma: "Tow chains of rhamnogalacturonan II are cross-linked by borate-diol ester bonds in higher plant cell walls" Plant Physiology. 110. 1017-1020 (1996)
[文献書誌] T. Mimura: "Homeostasis and transport of inorganic phosphate in plants" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・1. 1-7 (1995)
[文献書誌] T. Takeda, Y. Mitsuishi, F. Sakai & T. Hayashi: "Xyloglucan endotransglycosylation in suspension-cultured poplar cells" Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 60・12. 1950-1955 (1996)
[文献書誌] A. Kikuchi, Y. Edashige, T. Ishii, T. Fujii & S. Satoh: "Variations in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the peptic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli" Planta. 198. 634-639 (1996)
[文献書誌] K. Wakabayashi, T. Hoson & S. Kamisaka: "Osmotic stress suppresses cell wall stiffening and the increase in cell wall-bound ferulic and differnlic acids in wheat coleoptiles" Plant Physiology.113(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] U. Yes, W. Soh, H. Tasaka, N. Sakurai, S. Kuraishi and K. Takeda: "Cell wall polysaccharides of callus and suspension-cultured cells from three cellulose-less mutant of berley (Hordeum VU lgare L.)" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・5. 931-936 (1995)
[文献書誌] T. Kotake, N. Nakagawa, K. Takeda and N. Sakurai: "Purification and Characterization of well-bound exo-1, S-β-p-glacanase from barley (Hordean ru/gare. L)" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・2. 194-200 (1997)
[文献書誌] K. Tsurusaki, K. Takeda and N. Sakurai: "Conversion of indole-3-acetaldehyde of indole-3-acetic acid in cell-wall fraction of varley (Hordeum vu/gare) seedlings" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・3(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] M. M. Parvoz, K. Wakabayashi, T. Hoson and S. Kamisaka: "White light promoters the formation of diferulic acid in maize colcoptile cell mall a by enhancing PAL activity" Physiologia Plantarum. 99. 39-48 (1997)
[文献書誌] M. M. Parvez, K. Wakabayashi, Y. Hoson and S. Kamizaka: "Charges in Cellular potential and mechanical properties of cell walls during light-induced inhibition of cell elongetion in maize coleoptiles" Physiologia Plantarum. 96. 179-185 (1996)
[文献書誌] T. Hoson, K. Wakabayashi and Y. Masuda: "Inhibition of the breakdown of xyloglucans in Azuki bear epicotyls by Concanavalin A" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・5. 897-902 (1995)
[文献書誌] T. Hoson and Y. Masuda: "Concanavalin A inhibits auxin-induced elngation and breakdown of (1→3), (1→4)-β-p-glucans in Segments of rice coleptiles" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・3. 517-523 (1995)
[文献書誌] A. Kikuchi, Y. Edashige, T. Ishii and S. Satoh: "A xylogalacturopen whose level is dependent on the size of cell clusters is present in the pectin from cultured carrot cells." Planta. 200. 369-372 (1996)
[文献書誌] A. Kikuchi, S. Satoh, N. Nakamura and T. Fujii: "Differences inpectic polysaccharides between carrot enbryogenic and non-embryogenic calli" Plant and Cell Physiology. 14. 279-284 (1995)
[文献書誌] Y. Ohmiya, T. Takeda, S. Nakamura, F. Sakai and T. Hayashi: "Purification and properties of a wall-Bound endo-1, t-β-glucanase from suspension-cultured popular cells." Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・4. 607-614 (1995)
[文献書誌] S. Nakamura, H. Mori, F. Sakai and T. Hayashi: "Cloning and seguencing of a cDNA for poplar endo-1, 4-β-glucanase" Plant and Cell Physiology. 37・7. 1229-1235 (1995)
[文献書誌] K. Sakano, Y. Yazaki, K. Okihara, T. Mimura and S. Kiyota: "Lack of control in inorganic Phosphate uptake by Catharanthus resuns CL. ) G. Pon Cells" Plant Physiology. 108. 295-302 (1995)
[文献書誌] T. Mimura, K. Sakano and T. Shimmen: "Studies on the distribution, re-translocation and homeostasis of inorganic phosphate in barley leaves" Plant, Cell and Environment. 19. 311-320 (1996)
[文献書誌] T. Mimura: "Physiological characteristics and regulation incchanisms of the H^+ Pumps in the plasma-enbrane and tonoplast of Characear cells" Journal of Plant Research. 108. 249-256 (1995)
[文献書誌] T. Matoh, S. Kawaguchi and M. Kobayashi: "Ubiquity of a borate-rhannogalacitaronan II complex in the cell walls of higher plants" Plant and Cell Physiology. 37・5. 636-640 (1996)
[文献書誌] M. Ishibashi, K. Sonoike and A. Watanabe: "Photoinhibitin of photosynthesis during rain treatment : identification of the intersystem electron-transfer chair as the site of inhibition" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・2. 168-172 (1997)
[文献書誌] T. Murata, A. Kadota and M. Wada: "Effect of blue light on cell elongation and scficrotubule orientation in dark-groun gametophytes of cepatopteris rizhardii" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・2. 201-209 (1997)
[文献書誌] M. Furuta, M. Kannno. H. Okamoto, S. Fukuda and M. Wada: "Control of mitosis by phytochone and a blue light receptor in fern spores" Plant Physiology. 113(印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] T. Murata and M. Wada: "Formation of a phragmosome-like structure in certrifuged protonemal cells of Adiantam capillus-vereris L." Planta. (印刷中). (1997)
[文献書誌] K. Nishitani: "The role of-endoxyloglucan transferase in the organization of plant cell walls" International Review of Cytology. 173. 157-206 (1997)

1996 年度 実績報告書

アポプラストのダイナミズム

研究代表者

桜井 直樹 広島大学, 総合科学部, 教授 (90136010)

研究成果

[文献書誌] K. Turusaki, Y. Masuda & N. Sakurai: "Distribution of indole-3-acetic acid in the Apoplast and symplast of squash (Cuarbita maxima) hypocotyls" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・3(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] M. Kobayashi, T. Matoh & J. Azuma: "Tow chains of rhamnogalacturonan II are cross-linked by borate-diol ester bonds in higher plant cell walls" Plant Physiology. 110. 1017-1020 (1996)

[文献書誌] T. Mimura: "Homeostasis and transport of inorganic phosphate in plants" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・1. 1-7 (1995)

[文献書誌] T. Takeda, Y. Mitsuishi, F. Sakai & T. Hayashi: "Xyloglucan endotransglycosylation in suspension-cultured poplar cells" Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 60・12. 1950-1955 (1996)

[文献書誌] A. Kikuchi, Y. Edashige, T. Ishii, T. Fujii & S. Satoh: "Variations in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the peptic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli" Planta. 198. 634-639 (1996)

[文献書誌] K. Wakabayashi, T. Hoson & S. Kamisaka: "Osmotic stress suppresses cell wall stiffening and the increase in cell wall-bound ferulic and differnlic acids in wheat coleoptiles" Plant Physiology.113(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] U. Yes, W. Soh, H. Tasaka, N. Sakurai, S. Kuraishi and K. Takeda: "Cell wall polysaccharides of callus and suspension-cultured cells from three cellulose-less mutant of berley (Hordeum VU lgare L.)" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・5. 931-936 (1995)

[文献書誌] T. Kotake, N. Nakagawa, K. Takeda and N. Sakurai: "Purification and Characterization of well-bound exo-1, S-β-p-glacanase from barley (Hordean ru/gare. L)" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・2. 194-200 (1997)

[文献書誌] K. Tsurusaki, K. Takeda and N. Sakurai: "Conversion of indole-3-acetaldehyde of indole-3-acetic acid in cell-wall fraction of varley (Hordeum vu/gare) seedlings" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・3(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] M. M. Parvoz, K. Wakabayashi, T. Hoson and S. Kamisaka: "White light promoters the formation of diferulic acid in maize colcoptile cell mall a by enhancing PAL activity" Physiologia Plantarum. 99. 39-48 (1997)

[文献書誌] M. M. Parvez, K. Wakabayashi, Y. Hoson and S. Kamizaka: "Charges in Cellular potential and mechanical properties of cell walls during light-induced inhibition of cell elongetion in maize coleoptiles" Physiologia Plantarum. 96. 179-185 (1996)

[文献書誌] T. Hoson, K. Wakabayashi and Y. Masuda: "Inhibition of the breakdown of xyloglucans in Azuki bear epicotyls by Concanavalin A" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・5. 897-902 (1995)

[文献書誌] T. Hoson and Y. Masuda: "Concanavalin A inhibits auxin-induced elngation and breakdown of (1→3), (1→4)-β-p-glucans in Segments of rice coleptiles" Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・3. 517-523 (1995)

[文献書誌] A. Kikuchi, Y. Edashige, T. Ishii and S. Satoh: "A xylogalacturopen whose level is dependent on the size of cell clusters is present in the pectin from cultured carrot cells." Planta. 200. 369-372 (1996)

[文献書誌] A. Kikuchi, S. Satoh, N. Nakamura and T. Fujii: "Differences inpectic polysaccharides between carrot enbryogenic and non-embryogenic calli" Plant and Cell Physiology. 14. 279-284 (1995)

[文献書誌] Y. Ohmiya, T. Takeda, S. Nakamura, F. Sakai and T. Hayashi: "Purification and properties of a wall-Bound endo-1, t-β-glucanase from suspension-cultured popular cells." Plant and Cell Physiology. 36・4. 607-614 (1995)

[文献書誌] S. Nakamura, H. Mori, F. Sakai and T. Hayashi: "Cloning and seguencing of a cDNA for poplar endo-1, 4-β-glucanase" Plant and Cell Physiology. 37・7. 1229-1235 (1995)

[文献書誌] K. Sakano, Y. Yazaki, K. Okihara, T. Mimura and S. Kiyota: "Lack of control in inorganic Phosphate uptake by Catharanthus resuns CL. ) G. Pon Cells" Plant Physiology. 108. 295-302 (1995)

[文献書誌] T. Mimura, K. Sakano and T. Shimmen: "Studies on the distribution, re-translocation and homeostasis of inorganic phosphate in barley leaves" Plant, Cell and Environment. 19. 311-320 (1996)

[文献書誌] T. Mimura: "Physiological characteristics and regulation incchanisms of the H^+ Pumps in the plasma-enbrane and tonoplast of Characear cells" Journal of Plant Research. 108. 249-256 (1995)

[文献書誌] T. Matoh, S. Kawaguchi and M. Kobayashi: "Ubiquity of a borate-rhannogalacitaronan II complex in the cell walls of higher plants" Plant and Cell Physiology. 37・5. 636-640 (1996)

[文献書誌] M. Ishibashi, K. Sonoike and A. Watanabe: "Photoinhibitin of photosynthesis during rain treatment : identification of the intersystem electron-transfer chair as the site of inhibition" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・2. 168-172 (1997)

[文献書誌] T. Murata, A. Kadota and M. Wada: "Effect of blue light on cell elongation and scficrotubule orientation in dark-groun gametophytes of cepatopteris rizhardii" Plant and Cell Physiology. 38・2. 201-209 (1997)

[文献書誌] M. Furuta, M. Kannno. H. Okamoto, S. Fukuda and M. Wada: "Control of mitosis by phytochone and a blue light receptor in fern spores" Plant Physiology. 113(印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] T. Murata and M. Wada: "Formation of a phragmosome-like structure in certrifuged protonemal cells of Adiantam capillus-vereris L." Planta. (印刷中). (1997)

[文献書誌] K. Nishitani: "The role of-endoxyloglucan transferase in the organization of plant cell walls" International Review of Cytology. 173. 157-206 (1997)

1996 年度実績報告書

桜井直樹広島大学, 総合科学部, 教授 (90136010)