1997 年度実績報告書

深海性甲殻類複眼に関する比較生理学的研究

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	07640907
研究機関	横浜市立大学
研究代表者	江口英輔横浜市立大学, 理学部, 教授 (90046003)
研究分担者	蟻川謙太郎横浜市立大学, 理学部, 助教授 (20167232) 西村顕治慶応義塾大学, 医学部, 教授 (80041846)
キーワード	複眼 / ラブドーム / 光受容器 / 色素細胞 / 脂肪酸 / 脂質
研究概要	海では100m毎に1/30ずつ明るさが減少し、10m毎に一気圧ずつ水圧が増加する。変温動物において、膜機能は環境の変化に対して維持されないければならないが、これは生体膜を構成する膜脂質の主要素、リン脂質、殊に脂肪酸の組成を変化させることで、膜の流動性を保ち達成していると言われている。タカアシガニ(Macrocheira kaempferi)は、一属一種のカニで、日本沿岸の特産であり、全節足動物の中で世界最大の動物であるが、生態学的にもまだ分からないことが多いやや深海性(50〜300m)のカニである。本研究では、タカアシガニ複眼の、膜の生化学的特徴と形態学的特徴を調べ、浅海性のイソガニと比較することで、タカアシガニの生息環境との関係を考察した。その結果、電子顕微鏡観察から、タカアシガニの複眼は薄暗い海底に肥大する方向で適応していることが分かった。また、U/S ratio(不飽和脂肪酸量/飽和脂肪酸量)が、イソガニもタカアシガニも同じ3.0前後であったことから、タカアシガニの生息している水温が、黒潮の影響で一年を通して16〜19℃という比較的高い水温であることによると思われる。今回の実験では予期せず、一般に動物組織の脂質組成では1%以下の微量成分であるフォスファチジン酸が、タカアシガニでは5〜12%、イソガニでは強い光(2000lux)で飼育した方に6.4%と多量に検出された。フォスファチジン酸と他のリン脂質との脂肪酸組成の比較から、フォスファチジン酸がPhospholipase Dにより生成されたと仮定した場合、強い光があたる前に存在する微量のフォスファチジン酸はフォスファチジルイノシトール由来であり、強い光が長くあたった際、多量にできたフォスファチジン酸はフォスファチジルコリン由来のものであるだろうということが推測される。

研究成果
(23件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (23件)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Light dependent metabolic pathway of 3-hidroxyretinoids in the eye of a butterfly,Papilio xuthus." J.Comp.Physiol.,A.176. 661-671 (1995)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Morphogenesis of the photoreceptive site and development of the electrical responses in the butterfly genital photor eceptors during the pupal period." J.Comp.Neurol.363. 296-306 (1995)
[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Soybean agglutinin binding in germ cells during spermatogenesis of the cricket,Gyllus bimaculatus." Zool.Sci.,. 12. 591-597 (1995)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Two opsins from the compound eye of the crap,Hemigrapsus sangiuneus." J.Exp.Biol.199. 441-450 (1996)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Spectral sensitivity of single photoreceptor cells in the eyes of the ctenid spider Cupiennius salei Keys." Zool.Sci.13. 199-202 (1996)
[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Point mutation in the alpha galactosidase A gene of atypical Fabry disease with only nephropathy." Clin.Nephrol.45. 289-294 (1996)
[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis mudulate interferon (INF)-gammainduced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on cultured normal human keratinocytes:" J.Invest.Dermatol.107. 336-342 (1996)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Combination of physiological and anatomical methods for studying extraocular photo receptors on the genitalia of butterfly,Papilio xuthus." J Neurosci Meth.69. 75-82 (1996)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Light on butterfly mating." Nature.382. 119 (1996)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Red receptors domi nate the proximal tier of the retina in the butterfly Papilio xuthus." J Comp Physiol A.178. 57-61 (1996)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Distribution of guanylate cyclase with in photoreceptor outer segments." J Cell Sci.109. 1803-1812 (1996)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Disruption of actin filament or ganization by cytochalasin D inhibits rhabdom synthesis in the compound eye of the crab Hemigraps us sanguineus." Cell Tissue Res.286. 167-174 (1996)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Fatty acid composition and ultrastructure of photoreceptive membranes in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii under conditions of thermal and photic stress." J.Comp.Physiol.B.167. 1-8 (1997)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Compound eye fine structure in Paralomis multispina,an anomuran halfcrab from 1200m depth (Crustacea;Decapoda;Anomura)." Biol.Bull.192. 300-308 (1997)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Effect of formoguanamine on structure and function of the compound eye of the butterfly,Papilio xuthus." Zool.Sci.14. 29-35 (1997)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Fine structural correlates of sensitivity in the eyes of the ctenid spider Cupiennius salei." Tissue and Cell.29. 421-430 (1997)
[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Selective UV-induced damage to short wavelength receptor cells in the butterfly Papilio xuthus." Protoplama.200. 112-115 (1997)
[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Glycoconjugate profiles of insect spermatogenesis:Lectin cytochemical analysis of the cricket Gyllus bimaculatus." Zool.Sci.14. 455-467 (1997)
[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "The testis development in 3rd-to 6th-instar nymphs of the cricket,Gyllus bimaculatus." Zool.Sci.14. 637-639 (1997)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Random array of colour filters in the eyes of butterflies." J.Exp.Biol.200. 2501-2506 (1997)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Hindsight by genitalia:Photo-guided copulation in butterflies.Spectral receptors of nymphlid butterflies." J Comp Physiol A.180. 295-299 (1997)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Defective phototransductive disk membrane morphogenesis in transgenic mice expressing opsin with a mutated N-terminal domain." J.Cell Sci.110. 2589-2597 (1997)
[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Actin-based vesicular transport in the first 20min after dusk is crucial for daily rhabdom synthesis in the compound eye of the grapsid crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus." J.Exp.Biol.200. 2387-2392 (1997)

1997 年度 実績報告書

深海性甲殻類複眼に関する比較生理学的研究

研究代表者

江口 英輔 横浜市立大学, 理学部, 教授 (90046003)

研究成果

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Light dependent metabolic pathway of 3-hidroxyretinoids in the eye of a butterfly,Papilio xuthus." J.Comp.Physiol.,A.176. 661-671 (1995)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Morphogenesis of the photoreceptive site and development of the electrical responses in the butterfly genital photor eceptors during the pupal period." J.Comp.Neurol.363. 296-306 (1995)

[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Soybean agglutinin binding in germ cells during spermatogenesis of the cricket,Gyllus bimaculatus." Zool.Sci.,. 12. 591-597 (1995)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Two opsins from the compound eye of the crap,Hemigrapsus sangiuneus." J.Exp.Biol.199. 441-450 (1996)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Spectral sensitivity of single photoreceptor cells in the eyes of the ctenid spider Cupiennius salei Keys." Zool.Sci.13. 199-202 (1996)

[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Point mutation in the alpha galactosidase A gene of atypical Fabry disease with only nephropathy." Clin.Nephrol.45. 289-294 (1996)

[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis mudulate interferon (INF)-gammainduced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on cultured normal human keratinocytes:" J.Invest.Dermatol.107. 336-342 (1996)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Combination of physiological and anatomical methods for studying extraocular photo receptors on the genitalia of butterfly,Papilio xuthus." J Neurosci Meth.69. 75-82 (1996)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Light on butterfly mating." Nature.382. 119 (1996)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Red receptors domi nate the proximal tier of the retina in the butterfly Papilio xuthus." J Comp Physiol A.178. 57-61 (1996)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Distribution of guanylate cyclase with in photoreceptor outer segments." J Cell Sci.109. 1803-1812 (1996)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Disruption of actin filament or ganization by cytochalasin D inhibits rhabdom synthesis in the compound eye of the crab Hemigraps us sanguineus." Cell Tissue Res.286. 167-174 (1996)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Fatty acid composition and ultrastructure of photoreceptive membranes in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii under conditions of thermal and photic stress." J.Comp.Physiol.B.167. 1-8 (1997)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Compound eye fine structure in Paralomis multispina,an anomuran halfcrab from 1200m depth (Crustacea;Decapoda;Anomura)." Biol.Bull.192. 300-308 (1997)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Effect of formoguanamine on structure and function of the compound eye of the butterfly,Papilio xuthus." Zool.Sci.14. 29-35 (1997)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Fine structural correlates of sensitivity in the eyes of the ctenid spider Cupiennius salei." Tissue and Cell.29. 421-430 (1997)

[文献書誌] 江口英輔: "Selective UV-induced damage to short wavelength receptor cells in the butterfly Papilio xuthus." Protoplama.200. 112-115 (1997)

[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "Glycoconjugate profiles of insect spermatogenesis:Lectin cytochemical analysis of the cricket Gyllus bimaculatus." Zool.Sci.14. 455-467 (1997)

[文献書誌] 西村顕治: "The testis development in 3rd-to 6th-instar nymphs of the cricket,Gyllus bimaculatus." Zool.Sci.14. 637-639 (1997)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Random array of colour filters in the eyes of butterflies." J.Exp.Biol.200. 2501-2506 (1997)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Hindsight by genitalia:Photo-guided copulation in butterflies.Spectral receptors of nymphlid butterflies." J Comp Physiol A.180. 295-299 (1997)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Defective phototransductive disk membrane morphogenesis in transgenic mice expressing opsin with a mutated N-terminal domain." J.Cell Sci.110. 2589-2597 (1997)

[文献書誌] 蟻川謙太郎: "Actin-based vesicular transport in the first 20min after dusk is crucial for daily rhabdom synthesis in the compound eye of the grapsid crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus." J.Exp.Biol.200. 2387-2392 (1997)

1997 年度実績報告書

江口英輔横浜市立大学, 理学部, 教授 (90046003)