1997 年度実績報告書

変態における自己・非自己の認識転換と形作りの分子機構

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	08276102
研究機関	東京大学
研究代表者	久保健雄東京大学, 薬学系研究科, 助教授 (10201469)
研究分担者	上野孝治国立岡崎共同研究機構, 基礎生物学研究所, 助教授 (10143504) 泉進東京都立大学, 理学部, 助教授 (10145659) 桜井勝金沢大学, 理学部, 教授 (80143874) 石川統東京大学, 理学系研究科, 教授 (70012482) 名取俊二東京大学, 薬学系研究科, 教授 (50012662)
キーワード	昆虫 / 変態 / 自己、非自己 / 認識転換 / 形態形成 / 器官再生 / 高次行動 / ホルモン
研究概要	昆虫の変態期には、それまで自己であった幼虫組織が非自己と識別されて排除される一方で、成虫組織が新たに成虫原基から発生してくる。本研究では、こうした昆虫の変態の分子機構の解明を目的とし、以下に述べる特筆すべき成果を上げた。(1)センチニクバエにおいて、不要な幼虫組織を識別する蛹の体液細胞(マクロファージ)の膜蛋白に対するmAbを初めて樹立し、抗原である蛹特異的な120Da蛋白を精製し、その構造を明らかにした。この蛋白は、EGFモチーフを多数有する新規な受容体であり、変態における生理機能に興味が持たれる(名取)。(2)センチニクバエの中枢神経系をin vitroでエクダイソンと培養することにより、蛹と同様な成虫神経細胞の増殖と、幼虫神経細胞のアポトーシスが試験管内で再現できることを見出した。これは昆虫の中枢神経系のin vitroでの再編成に成功した初めての例であり、学術的に極めて高い価値を持つ(名取)。(3)ワモンゴキブリの肢の再生芽に特異的に出現する蛋白Rsp60を精製し、その構造と発現を解析した。その結果、Rsp60は再生芽の上皮組織で特異的に分泌される新規なマトリクス蛋白であることが判明した(久保)。(4)ミツバチ脳のキノコ体の領野特異的に発現する遺伝子を3種類、初めて単離した。その発現の解析から、ミツバチの変態期におけるキノコ体の発生過程が明らかにされた。今後、これらの遺伝子がコードする蛋白の機能解析を通じて、ミツバチの高次行動の発現における脳の機能分担の分子メカニズムが解明されると期待される(久保)。この他、(5)カイコ成虫原基をin vitroでホルモンと培養した後、幼虫に戻して発生への影響を調べることにより、蛹期における成虫原基の「決定」に果たすホルモンの役割を解明した(桜井)。アリマキの共生菌が発現するアミノ酸代謝に関わる遺伝子の発現を、共生時と非共生時で比較することにより、共生菌と宿主の間のアミノ酸代謝を解明した(石川)。これらの研究は、いずれも独創性が高く、本研究領域を越えて波及効果を持つと期待される。

研究成果
(29件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (29件)

[文献書誌] Ohtsuki,S.: "Nuclear localization and involvement in DNA synthesis of Sarcophaga prolyl endopeptidase." J.Biochem.121. 1176-1181 (1997)
[文献書誌] Nakajima,Y.: "Chemotherapeutic activity of synthetic antimicbial peptides:correlation between chemothelapeutic activity and neutrophil-activating activity." FEBS lett.415. 64-66 (1997)
[文献書誌] Ohtsuki,S.: "Molecular cloning of cDNA for Sarcophaga prolyl endopeptidase and characterization of the recombinant enzyme produced by an E.coli expression system." Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.27. 337-343 (1997)
[文献書誌] Ueno,K.: "p260/p270 expressed in embryonic abdominal leg cells of Bombyx mori can transfer palmitate to peptides." J.Biol.Chem.272. 13519-13526 (1997)
[文献書誌] Kokubo,H.: "Involvement of Bombyx Scr gene in development of the silk gland." Dev.Biol.186. 46-57 (1997)
[文献書誌] Mine,E.: "In vtro transcription systems from cultured cells and fat-body tissue of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Mol.Biotechnol.8. 79-88 (1997)
[文献書誌] Aoki,S.: "Migration to roots by first-instar nymphs,and not by alates,in the gall aphidClydesmithia canadensis." Naturwissenschaften. 84. 35-36 (1997)
[文献書誌] Sato,S.: "Expression and control of an operon from an intracellular symbiont which is homologous to the groE operon." J.Bacteriol.179. 2300-2304 (1997)
[文献書誌] Sato,S.: "Structure and expression of the dnaKJ operon of Buchnera,an intracellular symbiotic bacteria of aphid." J.Biochem.122. 41-48 (1997)
[文献書誌] Hongoh,Y.: "Uric acid as a nitrogen resource for the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.Studies with synthetic diets and aposymbiotic insects." Zool.Sci.14. 581-586 (1997)
[文献書誌] Masui,S.: "groE-homologous operon of Wolbachia,an intracellular symbiont of arthropods:A new approach for their phylogeny." Zool.Sci.14. 701-706 (1997)
[文献書誌] Kostal.V.: "Developmental changes in dopamine level in larvae of the fly Chymomyza costata:comparison between wild and mutant-nondiapause strains." J.Insect Physiol.(in press). (1998)
[文献書誌] Niimi,S.: "Developmental changes in juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone acid titers in the hemolymph and in vitro juvenile hormone synthesis by corpora allata of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." J.Insect Physiol.43(in press). (1998)
[文献書誌] Yoshida,I.: "Bombyxin F1 gene:Structure and expression of a new bombyxin family gene that forms a pair with bombyxin B10 gene." Zool.Sci.14. 615-622 (1997)
[文献書誌] Oda,Y.: "Dynamics of haemolymph sorbitol-6-phosphate and its control by ecdysteroid in the larvae of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.27. 461-468 (1997)
[文献書誌] Tsuzuki,S.: "Structure and expression of Bombyxin E1 gene:A novel family gene that encodes bombyxin-IV,an insect insulin-related neurosecretory peptide." Comp.Biochem.Physiol.117B. 409-416 (1997)
[文献書誌] Nakato,H.: "Purification and cDNA cloning od evolutionally conserved larval cuycle proteins of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.27. 701-709 (1997)
[文献書誌] Dohra,H.: "Cloningand sequencing of gene for a periplasmic 5.4 kDa peptide of the macronucleus-specific symbiont Holospora obtusa of the cillate Paramecium caudatum." Zool.Sci.14. 69-75 (1997)
[文献書誌] Kamikouchi,A.: "Preferential expression of the gene for a putative inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor homologue in the mushroom bodies of the brain of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.242. 181-186 (1998)
[文献書誌] Ohashi,K.: "Change in the mode of gene expression of the hypopharyngeal gland cells with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L." Eur.J.Biochem.249. 797-802 (1997)
[文献書誌] Hijikata,M.: "Inhibition of protein tyrosin kinase by 5-S-GAD,a novel antibacterial substance from an insect." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.237. 423-426 (1997)
[文献書誌] Kuneida,T.: "Regeneration of Sarcophaga imaginal discs in vitro:Implication of 20-hydroxyecdyson." Dev.Biol.183. 86-94 (1997)
[文献書誌] Yano,T.: "Purification and characterization of cathepsin B mRNA 3′-untranslated-region-binding protein(CBBP),a protein that represses cathepsin mRNA translation." Eur.J.Biochem.245. 260-265 (1996)
[文献書誌] Hori,S.: "Monoclonal antibodies against pupa-specific surface antigens pf Sarcophaga peregrina(flesh fly)hemocytes." Biochem.Biphys.Res.Commun.236. 497-501 (1997)
[文献書誌] Noguchi,H.: "Role of dopamine at the onset of pupal diapause in the cabbage armyworm Mamestra brassicae." FEBS Lett.413. 157-161 (1997)
[文献書誌] Hayakawa,Y.: "Mechanism of parasitism induced elevation of haemolymph growth-blocking peptide levels in host insect larvae." J.Insect Physiol.(in press). (1998)
[文献書誌] Matsumoto,H.: "Primary cause of motality in the armyworm larvae simultaneously parasitized by parasitic wasp and infected with bacteria." Eur.J.Biocem.(in press). (1998)
[文献書誌] Hayakawa,Y.: "Envelope protein of parasitic wasp′s symbiont virus,polydnavirus,protects the wasp eggs from cellular immune reactions by the host insect." Eur.J.Biochem.246. 820-826 (1997)
[文献書誌] Nakato,H: "Animal Cell Technology" The function of Dally,a Drosophila glypican,in Dpp signaling.(in press), (1998)

1997 年度 実績報告書

変態における自己・非自己の認識転換と形作りの分子機構

研究代表者

久保 健雄 東京大学, 薬学系研究科, 助教授 (10201469)

研究成果

[文献書誌] Ohtsuki,S.: "Nuclear localization and involvement in DNA synthesis of Sarcophaga prolyl endopeptidase." J.Biochem.121. 1176-1181 (1997)

[文献書誌] Nakajima,Y.: "Chemotherapeutic activity of synthetic antimicbial peptides:correlation between chemothelapeutic activity and neutrophil-activating activity." FEBS lett.415. 64-66 (1997)

[文献書誌] Ohtsuki,S.: "Molecular cloning of cDNA for Sarcophaga prolyl endopeptidase and characterization of the recombinant enzyme produced by an E.coli expression system." Insect Biochem.Mol.Biol.27. 337-343 (1997)

[文献書誌] Ueno,K.: "p260/p270 expressed in embryonic abdominal leg cells of Bombyx mori can transfer palmitate to peptides." J.Biol.Chem.272. 13519-13526 (1997)

[文献書誌] Kokubo,H.: "Involvement of Bombyx Scr gene in development of the silk gland." Dev.Biol.186. 46-57 (1997)

[文献書誌] Mine,E.: "In vtro transcription systems from cultured cells and fat-body tissue of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Mol.Biotechnol.8. 79-88 (1997)

[文献書誌] Aoki,S.: "Migration to roots by first-instar nymphs,and not by alates,in the gall aphidClydesmithia canadensis." Naturwissenschaften. 84. 35-36 (1997)

[文献書誌] Sato,S.: "Expression and control of an operon from an intracellular symbiont which is homologous to the groE operon." J.Bacteriol.179. 2300-2304 (1997)

[文献書誌] Sato,S.: "Structure and expression of the dnaKJ operon of Buchnera,an intracellular symbiotic bacteria of aphid." J.Biochem.122. 41-48 (1997)

[文献書誌] Hongoh,Y.: "Uric acid as a nitrogen resource for the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.Studies with synthetic diets and aposymbiotic insects." Zool.Sci.14. 581-586 (1997)

[文献書誌] Masui,S.: "groE-homologous operon of Wolbachia,an intracellular symbiont of arthropods:A new approach for their phylogeny." Zool.Sci.14. 701-706 (1997)

[文献書誌] Kostal.V.: "Developmental changes in dopamine level in larvae of the fly Chymomyza costata:comparison between wild and mutant-nondiapause strains." J.Insect Physiol.(in press). (1998)

[文献書誌] Niimi,S.: "Developmental changes in juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone acid titers in the hemolymph and in vitro juvenile hormone synthesis by corpora allata of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." J.Insect Physiol.43(in press). (1998)

[文献書誌] Yoshida,I.: "Bombyxin F1 gene:Structure and expression of a new bombyxin family gene that forms a pair with bombyxin B10 gene." Zool.Sci.14. 615-622 (1997)

[文献書誌] Oda,Y.: "Dynamics of haemolymph sorbitol-6-phosphate and its control by ecdysteroid in the larvae of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.27. 461-468 (1997)

[文献書誌] Tsuzuki,S.: "Structure and expression of Bombyxin E1 gene:A novel family gene that encodes bombyxin-IV,an insect insulin-related neurosecretory peptide." Comp.Biochem.Physiol.117B. 409-416 (1997)

[文献書誌] Nakato,H.: "Purification and cDNA cloning od evolutionally conserved larval cuycle proteins of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.27. 701-709 (1997)

[文献書誌] Dohra,H.: "Cloningand sequencing of gene for a periplasmic 5.4 kDa peptide of the macronucleus-specific symbiont Holospora obtusa of the cillate Paramecium caudatum." Zool.Sci.14. 69-75 (1997)

[文献書誌] Kamikouchi,A.: "Preferential expression of the gene for a putative inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor homologue in the mushroom bodies of the brain of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.242. 181-186 (1998)

[文献書誌] Ohashi,K.: "Change in the mode of gene expression of the hypopharyngeal gland cells with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee Apis mellifera L." Eur.J.Biochem.249. 797-802 (1997)

[文献書誌] Hijikata,M.: "Inhibition of protein tyrosin kinase by 5-S-GAD,a novel antibacterial substance from an insect." Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.237. 423-426 (1997)

[文献書誌] Kuneida,T.: "Regeneration of Sarcophaga imaginal discs in vitro:Implication of 20-hydroxyecdyson." Dev.Biol.183. 86-94 (1997)

[文献書誌] Yano,T.: "Purification and characterization of cathepsin B mRNA 3′-untranslated-region-binding protein(CBBP),a protein that represses cathepsin mRNA translation." Eur.J.Biochem.245. 260-265 (1996)

[文献書誌] Hori,S.: "Monoclonal antibodies against pupa-specific surface antigens pf Sarcophaga peregrina(flesh fly)hemocytes." Biochem.Biphys.Res.Commun.236. 497-501 (1997)

[文献書誌] Noguchi,H.: "Role of dopamine at the onset of pupal diapause in the cabbage armyworm Mamestra brassicae." FEBS Lett.413. 157-161 (1997)

[文献書誌] Hayakawa,Y.: "Mechanism of parasitism induced elevation of haemolymph growth-blocking peptide levels in host insect larvae." J.Insect Physiol.(in press). (1998)

[文献書誌] Matsumoto,H.: "Primary cause of motality in the armyworm larvae simultaneously parasitized by parasitic wasp and infected with bacteria." Eur.J.Biocem.(in press). (1998)

[文献書誌] Hayakawa,Y.: "Envelope protein of parasitic wasp′s symbiont virus,polydnavirus,protects the wasp eggs from cellular immune reactions by the host insect." Eur.J.Biochem.246. 820-826 (1997)

[文献書誌] Nakato,H: "Animal Cell Technology" The function of Dally,a Drosophila glypican,in Dpp signaling.(in press), (1998)

1997 年度実績報告書

久保健雄東京大学, 薬学系研究科, 助教授 (10201469)