高次脳機能のシステム的理解

1996 年度 実績報告書

• 研究課題/領域番号: 08279101
• 研究種目: 重点領域研究
• 研究機関: 東北大学
• 研究代表者: 丹治 順 東北大学, 医学部, 教授 (10001885)
• 研究分担者: 彦坂 興秀 順天堂大学, 医学部, 教授 (70120300) ; 小野 武年 富山医科薬科大学, 医学部, 教授 (50019577) ; 合原 一幸 東京大学, 工学部, 助教授 (40167218) ; 木村 實 大阪大学, 健康体育部, 教授 (40118451) ; 吉澤 修治 東京大学, 工学部, 教授 (90010959)
• キーワード: 高次脳機能 / 実験的神経科学 / 計算論的神経科学 / コンピュータシミュレーション / イメージング / 認知 / 行動 / 記憶

研究概要

本研究は高次機能を脳が行う実態を実験的に明らかにし、その動作原理とシステム的な動作様式を理論的に解明することを統合的なアプローチによって目指すことを目的とした.そのために、実験的神経科学者、計算論的神経科学者、非襲侵的脳機能イメージングによる研究者から成る研究グループを組織し、それぞれの研究者が専門領域の研究をすすめるだけではなく、ワークショップ・シンポジューム・研究会を数多く行って、多面的なアプローチによる研究および共同研究をめざした。ニュースレター「高次脳機能のシステム的理解」を定期的に発行して研究者相互の研究理解促進をはかるとともに、コンピューターネットワークを形成し、独自のホームページを作成して、研究情報の迅速な連絡を行った。研究は全体的に順調に進捗し、見るべき成果が得られはじめている。
すでに得られた研究成果は、脳機能の多くの側面に及んでいるが、なかでも(1)運動の順序制御に関与する大脳運動関連領野の細胞活動の解明、(2)固体識別における大脳側頭葉の機能的イメージング、(3)側頭葉におけるメモリー依存的運動誘導機能の発見、(4)海馬と海馬周辺皮質を流れる情報の実時間的イメージング、前頭葉ニューロンにおける報酬予測的活動の発見などが特に顕著な研究成果として挙げられる。これらはいずれも学会発表のみならず、国際的な科学雑誌に発表されるに至っている。

研究成果

• [文献書誌] Tanji J, Mushiake H: "Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex." Cognitive Brain Research. 3. 143-150 (1996)
• [文献書誌] SakaiST, Inase M, Tanji J: "Comparison of cerebellothalamic and pallidothalamic projections in the monkey (macaca fuscata): a double anterograde labeling study." Journal of Comparative Neurology. 368. 215-228 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J, Shima K.: "Supplementary motor cortex in organization of movement." European Neurology. 36. 13-19 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Mushiake H, Fujii N, Tanji J.: "Visually guded saccade versus eye-hand reach : contrasting neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary and frontaleye fields." Journal of Neurophysiology. 75. 2487-2191 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Shima K, Mushiake H, Saito N & Tanji J.: "Role for cells in the presupplementary motor area in updating motor plans." Proceeding of National Academy of Science in U. S. A.93. 8694-8698 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Inase M & Tanji J.: "Overlapping Corticostriatal Projections from the Supplementary Motor area and the Primary Motor Cortex in the Macaque Monkey : An Anterograde Double Labeling Study." Journal of Comparative Neurology. 373. 283-296 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka O, Sakai K, Miyauchi S, Takino R, Sakaki Y, Puetz B: "Activation of human presupplementary motor area in learning of sequential procedures : A functional MRI study." Journal of Neurophysiology. 76. 617-621 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Miyashita K, Rand MK, Mivauchi S, Hikosaka O: "Anticipatory saccades on sequential procedural learning in monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology. 76. 1361-1366 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Kojima J, Matsumura M,: "Tonic activity during visuo-oculomotor behavior in the monkey superior colliculus" Neuroscience Research. 26. 17-28 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Miyashita N, Hikosaka O.: "Minimal synaptic delay in the saccadic output pathway of the superior colliculus stadied in awake monkey." Experimental Brain Research. 112. 187-196 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Adachi M, Aihara K: "Associative dynamics in the chaotic neural network" Neural Networks. 10. 83-98 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Fujii H, Ito H, Aihara K Ichinose N,: "Dynamical assembly hypothesis theoretical possibility of spatio temporal coding in the cortex." Neural Networks. 8. 1303-1350 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Matsuzaka Y, Tanji J.: "Changing directions of forthcoming arm movements : Neuronal activity in the presupplem entary and supplem entary motor area of monkey cerebral cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology. 76. 2327-2342 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Shima K, Hoshi E & Tanji J.: "Neuronal activity in the claustrum of the monkey during performance of multiple movements." Journal of Neurophysiology. 75. 2115-2119 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J.: "New concepts of the supplementary motor area." Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 6. 782-787 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Ogawa S, Ikeguchi T, Matozaki T, Aihara K.: "Nonlinear modeling by radial basis function networks." IEICE Transactions. 79-A. 1608-1617 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Oyoshi T, Nishijo H, Asakura T, Takamura Y, Ono T.: "Emotional and behavioral correlates of mediodorsal thalamic neurons during associative learning in rats." Journal of Neuroscience. 16. 5812-5829 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Gomi H, kawato M: "Equilibrium-point control hypothesis examined by measured arm stiffness during multijoint movement." Science. 5. 117-120 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Dornay M, Uno Y, Kawato M, Suzuki R: "Minimum muscle-tension change trajectories predicted by using a 17-muscle model of the monkey's arm." Journal of Motor Behavior. 28. 83-100 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Miyamoto H, Schaal S, Gandolfo F, Gomi H, Koike Y, Osu R, Nakano E, Wada Y, Kawato M.: "A kendama learning robot based on bi-directional theory." Neural Networks. 9. 1281-1302 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Pollick F, Watanabe H, Kawato M.: "Perception of local orientation from shaded images." Perception & Psychophysics. 58. 762-780 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Shikata E, Tanaka Y, Nakamura H, Taira M, Sakata H.: "Selectivity of the parietal visual neurones in 3D orientation of surface of stereoscopic stimuli." NeuroReport. 7. 2389-2394 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Murata A, Gallese V, Kaseda M,Sakata H.: "Parietal neurons related to memory-guided hand manipulation" Journal of Neurophysiology. 75. 2180-2186 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Watanabe M.: "Reward expectancy in primate prefrontal neurons." NATURE. 382. 629-632 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Akaneya Y, Tsumoto T, Hatanaka H.: "Long-term depression blocked by brain derived neurotrophic factor in rat visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology. 76. 4198-4201 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tsumoto T, Yasuda H.: "A switching role of postsynaptic calcium in the induction of long-term potentiation or long-term depression in visual cortex." Seminars in Neuroscience. 93. 311-319 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Kimura F, Otsu Y, Tsumoto T.: "“Silent" presynaptic terminals are spontaneously active in cuitured solitary neurons from visual cortex.,1997," Journal of Neurophysiology. 373(in press). (1996)
• [文献書誌] Toyama K, Tanifuji M.: "Imaging a computational process in the visual cortex." Neural Networks. 9. 1351-1356 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Kurotani T, Higashi S, Inokawa H, Toyama, K.: "Protein and RNA synthesis-dependent and-independent LTPs in developing rat visual cortex." Neuroreport. (in press). (1996)
• [文献書誌] Yamamoto N, Higashi S, Toyama, K: "Stop and branch signals for Geniculocortical Connections : A Time-Lapse Study with a fluorescent dve in organotypic cocultures" Journal of Neuroscience. (in press). (1996)
• [文献書誌] Oyoshi T, Nishijo H, Asakura T, Takamura Y, Ono T: "Emotional and behavioral correlates of mediodorsal thalamic neurons during associative learning in rats." Journal of Neuroscience. 16. 5812-5829 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Nishijo H et. al.: "Transient brain ischemia provokes Ca2+, PIP2 and calpain responses prior to delayed neuronal death in monkeys." European Journal of Neuroscience. 8. 1932-1944
• [文献書誌] Ono T et. al.: "Increased histidine preference during specific alteration of rhythm of environmental temperature stress in rats." Behavioral Neuroscience. 110. 1187-1192 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Kobayashi T, Nishijo H, Fukuda M, Bures J, Ono T.: "Task-dependent representations in rat hippocampal place neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology. (press). (1996)
• [文献書誌] Sakai ST, Inase M, Tanji J: "Comparison of cerebellothalamic and pallidothalamic projections in the monkey (macaca fuscata) : a double anterograde labeling study." Journal of Comparative Neurology. 368. 215-228 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J, Shima K.: "Supplementary motor cortex in organization of movement." European Neurology. 36. 13-19 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Mushiake H, Fujii N, Tanji J.: "Visually guded saccade versus eye-hand reach : contrasting neuronal activity in the conrtical supplementary and frontal eye fields." Journal of Neurophysiology. 75. 2487-2191 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Shima K, Mushiake H, Saito N, & Tanji J.: "Role for cells in the presupplementary motor area in updating motor plans." Proceeding of National Academy of Science in U. S. A.93. 8694-8698 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Inase M & Tanji J.: "Overlapping Corticostriatal Projections from the Supplementary Motor area and the Primary Motor Cortex in the Macaque Monkey : An Anterograde Double Labeling Study." Journal of Comparative Neurology. 373. 283-296 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J. & Shima K.: "Advances in Neurology" Hans O. Luders, 95-103 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J, Shima K, Mushiake H, Matsuzaka Y: "Perception, memory and emotion : frontiers in neuroscience" Ono, T., McNaughton, B. L., Molotchnikoff, S., Polls, E. T., and Nishijo, H, 421-432 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka O, Miyauchi S,: "Attention and Performance XVI" Inui T, McClelland J eds, 237-261 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Shimojo S, Tanaka Y, Hikosaka O, Miyauchi S.: "Attention and Performance XVI" Inui T, McClelland J eds, 597-630 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J: "Vision and Movement Mechanisms in the Cerebral Cortex." R. Caminiti, K-P. Hoffmann, F. Lacquaniti, and J. Altman, 63-70 (1996)
• [文献書誌] 丹治 順: "脳研究の最前線-遺伝子から知能へ" 第10回「大学と科学」公開シンポジウム組織委員会, 115-124 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka O, Miyachi S, Miyashita K, Rand MK.: "The Acquisition of Motor Behavior in Vertebrates." Bloedel JR, Ebner TJ, Wise SP, eds, 303-317 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Hikosaka O, Miyachi k, Rando MK, Karadi Z.: "Perception, Memory, and Emotion : Frontier in neuroscience." Ono T, McNaughton BL, Molotchnikoff S, Rolls ET, Nishijo H, eds, 403-420 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Kawato M.: "Attention and Performance XVI" Inui Toshiro and McCelland James L., 335-367 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Tanji J, Shima K, Mushiake H, Matsuzaka Y: "Pergam on Studies in Neuroscience : perception, memory and emotion" Motor areas in the medial frontal cortex of primates : differences in neuronal activity, 421-432 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Toyama K, Yamamoto N, Tanifuji M.: "Pergamon, Oxford." ed. by Ono T, McNaoughton BL, Molotchnikoff S, Nishijo, H.,23-31 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Toyama K, Tanifuji M, Yamamoto, N.: "Japan Scientific Society Press" ed. by Kidokoro, K., Takahashi, K., and Kanazeki, T., 333-339 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Ono T, Nishijo H, Tamura R, Uwano T.: "Integrative and Molecular Approach to Brain Function" M. Ito and Y. Miyashita (Eds.), 205-221 (1996)
• [文献書誌] Nishijo H, Tamura R, Eifuku S, Ono T.: "Perception, Memory and Emotion : Frontiers in Neuroscience." T Ono B, L McNaughton, SMolotchnikoff, ET Rolls, H. Nishijo (Eds.), 251-267 (1996)