高感度レーザー干渉計を用いた「重力波天文学」の研究

1999 年度 実績報告書

• 研究課題/領域番号: 09NP0801
• 研究機関: 国立天文台
• 研究代表者: 古在 由秀 国立天文台, 名誉教授 (70012789)
• 研究分担者: 黒田 和明 東京大学, 宇宙線研究所, 教授 (00242165) ; 藤本 眞克 国立天文台, 位置天文天体力学研究系, 教授 (90107475) ; 坪野 公夫 東京大学, 大学院・理学系, 教授 (10125271) ; 中村 卓史 京都大学, 基礎物理学研究所, 教授 (80155837) ; 齊藤 芳男 高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 加速器第四系, 助教授 (00141979)
• キーワード: 重力波天文学 / レーザー干渉計 / 重力波検出

研究概要

今年度は高感度レーザー干渉計が世界に先駆けて運転を開始し、最初の重力波探査実験を実施した。また、国際シンポジウムを開催して、世界で初めてとなる運転・観測データ等の発表を行った。具体的な成果は、
1.昨年度末にシステム全体が結合されたリサイクリングなしの干渉計に対して、レーザーの安定化や干渉計制御などの調整をおこない、干渉計システムとしての動作を開始させた。
2.干渉計出力データの集録装置や感度較正システムを整備し、8月に干渉計の連続運転とデータ取得を含む総合運転試験を実施した。
3.9月には重力波探査を目的とする観測運転を実施して、干渉計の連続運転としては大幅な最長時間の更新(7時間以上)を達成した。
4.感度較正により取得したデータから1%以下の誤差で重力波の振幅が得られることを実証した。
5.太陽質量の0.5倍から10倍までの幅広い質量範囲での連星系合体を想定した予想波形を用いて重力波データの解析を行って、連星系合体頻度の上限値を求めた。また予想波形信号を実データに付加して解析することにより、レーザー干渉計の重力波検出能力を評価して、銀河系内で連星中性子星の衝突・合体が発生すれば重力波が検出可能であるとの結論を得た。
6.干渉計の感度と運転動作の安定性を増して本格的な長時間観測を可能にするために必要な改良点が明らかになり、レーザーの安定性の強化や光軸のドリフト対策、制御回路の最適化などを実施中である。また防振系の強化も準備中である。
今後は、重力波の探査観測によって重力波検出のチャンスを狙うとともに、重力波検出を確実にするための感度向上を目指す干渉計の改良と開発研究をバランス良く進める計画である。

研究成果

• [文献書誌] K.Oohara: "3D General Relativistic Simulations of Coalescing Binary Neutron Stars"Prog.Theor.Phys.Supplement. 186. 270-286 (1999)
• [文献書誌] T.Nakamura: "Off-axis Emission from the Beamed Afterglow of Gamma Ray Bursts and a Possible Interpretation of Slowly Declining X-Ray Afterglow of GRB980425"Astrophys.J.Letters. 522. L101-L104 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Taniguchi: "Almost analytic solutions to equilibrium sequences of irrotational binary polytropic stars for n=1"Physical Review Letters. 84. 581-585 (2000)
• [文献書誌] K.Taniguchi: "Equilibrium sequences of irrotational binary polytropic stars I.The case of double polytropic stars"Physical Review. D(in press).
• [文献書誌] T.Nakamura: "Multiple Sub-Jet Model of Gamma Ray Bursts and Possible Origin of X-ray Precursors and Post-cursors"Astrophys.J.Letters. (in press).
• [文献書誌] T.Nakamura: "Determining the Equation of State of the Expanding Universe-Inverse Problem in Cosmology-"Month Not.R.Astr Soc. 306. 696-700 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Ioka: "Low frequency gravitational waves from black hole MACHO binaries"Phys.Rev.. D60. 083512 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Ioka: "Density Distribution and Shape of Galactic Dark Halo Can be Determined by Low Frequency Gravitational Waves?"Astrophysical Journal. 528. 51-56 (1999)
• [文献書誌] S.Kawamura: "Can TAMA300 detect Gravitational Waves?"Proc.of 8th Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation. 123 (1999)
• [文献書誌] N.Kanda: "TAMA STATUS REPORT"International J.of Modern Physics. D(in press).
• [文献書誌] H.Tagoshi: "Searching for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact binaries using TAMA300 data"International J.of Modern Physics. D(in press).
• [文献書誌] M.-K.Fujimoto: "TAMA Ground-based Interferometer for the Detection of Gravitational Waves"Adv.Space Res.. 25,6. 1161-1164 (2000)
• [文献書誌] 藤本眞克: "運転開始間近の重力波望遠鏡TAMA300"科学. 69,5. 467-471 (1999)
• [文献書誌] M.A.Barton: "Two-dimensional X pendulum vibration isolation table"Rev.Sci.Instr.. 70. 2150-2154 (1999)
• [文献書誌] T.Uchiyama: "Mechanical quality factor of a cryogenic sapphire test mass for gravitational wave detectors"Phys.Lett.. A261. 5-11 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Kuroda: "Anelasticity in G experiments"Meas.Sci.Technol.. 10. 435-438 (1999)
• [文献書誌] S.Sato: "Loss factors of mirrors for a gravitational wave antenna"Appl.Opt.. 38. 2880-2885 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Kuroda: "Large Scale Cryogenic Gravitational Wave Telescope"Int.J.Mod.Phys.. D(in press).
• [文献書誌] 大橋正健: "レーザー干渉計型重力波検出器用超高性能ミラーの開発"応用物理. 68. 663-666 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Kuroda: "Reduction of Thermal Noise by Cooling Mirror itself"Proc.Third Amaldi Conference. (in press).
• [文献書誌] A.Araya: "Absolute-length determination of a long-baseline Fabry-Perot cavity by means of resonating modulation sidebands"Appl.Optics. 38,13. 2848-2856 (1999)
• [文献書誌] N.Ohishi: "Estimation of Thermal Noise by a Derect Measurement of the Mechanical Conductance"Phys.Lett.. A266. 228-233 (2000)
• [文献書誌] M.Ando: "Signal-separation Experiments for a Power-Recycled Fabry-Perot-Michelson Interferometer by Sideband Elimination"Phys.Lett.. A(in press).
• [文献書誌] 坪野公夫: "21世紀の重力波天文学-TAMAプロジェクトの現状-"日本物理学会誌. 54,5. 328-336 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Ueda: "Fiber lasers for scientific and industrial applications"Bulletin of The Ceramic Society of Japan. 35. 287-291 (2000)
• [文献書誌] A.Kaminskii: "Spectroscopy and CW near-IR stimulated emission of new ytteium gallium garnet {Y3} [Y,Ga] (Ga3) O12:Nd3+(YGAO3:Nd3+)"Opt.Rev.. 7. 101-111 (2000)
• [文献書誌] A.Kaminskii: "New Laser Garnet Crystal with Disordered Structure"Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.. 38. L1180-L1182 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Ueda: "Noise reduction and power stabilization technology for lasers"Rev.Laser Engineer. 27. 456-457 (1999)
• [文献書誌] Y.Matsuoka: "Fiber laser technology development for kW-class output power"Rev.Laser Engineer. 27. 694-698 (1999)
• [文献書誌] J.Song: "Simultaneously multiple wavelength cw operation of laser-diode-pumped Nd : (YAG, YLF) laser"Appl.Opt.. 38. 5158-5161 (1999)
• [文献書誌] H.Yoneda: "Dispersion of optical refractive index of Yb3+-doped laser glass and their fitting to Lorentzian model"Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.. 38. L639-L641 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Yamaguchi : "Optical refractive index and thermal coefficient measurements of Yb-doped laser glass with white light interferometer"Rev.Laser Engineer. 27. 768-772 (1999)
• [文献書誌] M.Musha: "High-power and highly-stable solid-state laser for the gravitational wave detector"Rev.Laser Engineer. 27. 458-462 (1999)
• [文献書誌] C.Li: "Theoretical and experimental investigations of diode-pumped Tm : YAG laser in active mirror configuration"Opt.Rev.. 6. 439-442 (1999)
• [文献書誌] C.Li: "Flash-lamp-pumped normal mode and Q-switched Cr-Tm : YAG laser performance at room temperature"Opt.Comm.. 164. 63-67 (1999)
• [文献書誌] M.Musha: "The interferometric gravitational wave detector TAMA-300 and the frequency-stabilized laser with high-finesse optical resonator"SPIE. (in press).
• [文献書誌] C.Li: "Diode-pumped high-efficiency Tm : YAG disk lasers"Opt.Express. 4. 12-18 (1999)
• [文献書誌] A.Ueda: "Characteristics of large aperture and ultra-high quality mirrors for gravitational wave antenna"Rev.Laser Engineer. 27. 116-120 (1999)
• [文献書誌] K.Kuroda: "Large Scale Cryogenic Gravitational Wave Telescope"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] S.Kawamura: "Overview of the Detector and Data Taking"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] S.Nagano: "Stabilized laser for TAMA300"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] M.Ando: "Current status of the TAMA300 interferometer"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] R.Takahashi: "Overview of the TAMA Individual Research"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] R.Takahashi: "Improvement of Vibration Isolation System for TAMA300"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] K.Arai: "New signal extraction scheme with harmonic demodulation for power-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers "Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] A.Araya: "Geophysical observations using long-baseline interferometers"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] T.Tomaru: "Analysis of TAMA mirrors using FFT simulation"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] N.Ohishi: "Estimation of the thermal noise by direct measurement of the mechanical conductance at an anti-resonant frequency"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] K.Numata: "Measurement of intrinsic quality factors of low loss materials"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] T.Uchiyama: "Development of a Cryogenic Mirror Suspension for Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] K.Yamamoto: "Thermal noise of the inhomogeneous loss"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] S.Miyoki: "Cryogenic contamination of an ultralow loss mirror for cryogenic laser interferometric gravitational wave detector"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] A.Takamori: "Development of the Seismic Attenuation System (SAS) for Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] O.Miyakawa: "Development of Narrow-band Laser Interferometer using Resonant Sideband Extraction"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] M.Ohashi: "20m interferometer in Kamioka Mine"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] D.Tatsumi: "Data Acquisition System for Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detector TAMA300"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] S.Telada: "Calibration and its error estimation method "Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] N.Kanda: "Matched Filter Analysis with data of TAMA observation in 1999"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] H.Tagoshi: "Hierarchical search of gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries using TAMA300 data"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).
• [文献書誌] M.-K.Fujimoto: "Overview of the TAMA Project"Proc.2^<nd> TAMA Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection. (in press).