地球環境撹乱下における生物多様性の保全及び生命情報の維持管理に関する総合的基礎研究

1998 年度 実績報告書

• 研究課題/領域番号: 09NP1501
• 研究機関: 京都大学
• 研究代表者: 川那部 浩哉 京都大学, 名誉教授
• 研究分担者: 戸田 正憲 北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (40113592) ; 東 正彦 京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (40183917) ; 石 弘之 東京大学, 大学院・総合文化研究科, 教授 (00282731) ; 渡辺 昭 東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (70023471) ; 浅野 透 京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (00281105)
• キーワード: 生物多様性 / 地球環境 / 生命情報 / 保全 / 生態系 / 人間社会 / 理論 / 実験

研究概要

1 野外研究設備の充実
(1) マレーシア国サラワク州のクバ国立公園での100haブロットの整備と野外研究設備(野外ラボなど)の設置
(2) 北大農学部付属苫小牧演習林における樹冠観測システムの整備
2 シンバイオトロン研究
(1) シンバイオトロンのブロトタイプの設計(2000年1月に完成予定)
(2) 生物多様性と生態系機能を探る手法についての研究交流
アメリカのStanford大学(1998年11月)
フランスのENS(1998年12月)
京都でLondon大学およびPrinceton大学の研究者を招へい(1999年3月)
3 共同研究の実施
(1) 野外での生物多様性パターンの検出と研究方法の標準化を急いでいる。
(2) 主要調査地(サラワク州のクバ国立公園、ロシアのバイカル湖など)での共同研究・本絡的調査を開始したらサラワクでは主調査地をランビルからクバに移しつつある。
(3) 生物多様性インベントリー体制の構築
東南アジアの大学、博物館の社会性昆虫研究者のネットワークを作りつつある。
4 DIWPAとの連携
(1) 1997年11月 台湾で国際ワークショップ「西太平洋アジア地域における生物多様性のモニタリングとインベントリー」を開催した。
(2) 1998年11月 生物多様性の研究方法論に関する検討ワークショップを京都で開催した。
(3) 1998年12月 DIVERSITAS-IBOY会議がパリのユネスコで開催された。
我々の提案した生物多様性観測年(BOY)を、DIVERSITASが南北アメリカ、ヨーロッパ-アフリカを含む世界的レベルで展開するための具体的な方策を検討した。
5 研究の成果
(1) 生物多様性の創出:警戒色の進化の機構の解明
(2) 熱帯林の生物多様性:サラワクの熱帯林におけるフタバガキ科植物の一斉開花現象に関連する生物多様性の実証的研究
(3) 水域生態系において、生物間相互作用がバクテリア遺伝子の細胞外への流出を促進する効果の検出
(4) 森林と湖沼を結ぶエコトーンとしての河川の機能の実証的研究
(5) 生物多様性の維持促進に関る共生:ゴキブリとアリの間に見られる新しい共生関係や、シロアリとキノコなどの共生機構の解明
(6) 安定同位体を用いた生物多様性と生態系機能、食物網、共生関係の解明

研究成果

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• [文献書誌] Yoshimura, A., K. Kawasaki, F. Takasu, K. Togashi, K. Futai and N. Shigesada: "Modeling the spread of pine wilt disease caused by nematode(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)associated with its vector, the Japanese pine sawyer(Monochamus altematus)." Ecology. (in press). (1999)
• [文献書誌] Maruyama,J. and H. Seno: "Mathematical modelling for intra-specific brood-parasitism: optimal parasitism strategy and host-parasite coexistence." Mathematical Biosciences. (in press). (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Wakano, J. Y., K. Nakata and N. Yamamura: "Dynamic model of optimal age polyethesm in social insects under stable and fluctuating environments." Journal of Theoretical Biology. 193. 153-165 (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Kimura, K., A. Ishida, A. Uemura, Y. Matsumoto. and I. Terashima: "Effects current-year and previous-year PPFDs on shoot gross morphology and leaf properties in Fagus japonica." Tree Physiology. 18. 459-466 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Terashima, I., K. Noguchi, T. Itoh-Nemoto, Y.-M. Park, A. Kubo and K. Tanaka: "The cause of PS I photo inhibition at low temperatures in leaves of Cucumis sativus L., a chilling sensitive plant." Physiologia Plantarum. (in pree).
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• [文献書誌] Yuma, M., T. Narita, M. Hori and T. Kondo: "Food resources of shrimp-eating cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika." Environmental Biology of Fishes. 52. 371-378 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Yamaoka, K., M. Hori, and T. Kuwamura: "Interochromis, a new genus of the Tanganyikan cichlid fish." South African Journal of Science. 94. 381-386 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Takahashi, S. and M.Hori: "Oscillation maintains polymorphisms - a model of lateral asymmetry in two competing scale-eating cichlids." Journal of Theoretical Biology. 195. 1-12 (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Morino, H.: "Specimens of the Baikal amphipods of Heterogammarus generic cluster (Crustacea) deposited in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, the Museum Naturkunde, Berlin and the Zoologisches Institut und Museum der Universit Hambutg. Nat. Hist. Bull." Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University. 2. 1-6 (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Ohgushi, T. and H. Sawada: "What changed the demography of an introduced population of an herbivorous lady beetle?" Journal of Animal Ecology. 67. 679-688 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Price, P., H. Roininen, and T. Ohgushi: "Comparative plant-herbivore interactions involving willows and three gall-indocing sawfly species in the genus Pontania (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)." Ecoscience. 5. (1998)
• [文献書誌] Eguchi, K.: "A new ant of the genus Metapone (Hymenoprera, Formicidae) from Borneo." Entomological Science. 1・4. 605-609 (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Terayama, M. and Sk. Yamane: "Four new species of the genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) form East and Southeast Asia." Entomological Science. 1・2. 219-225 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Terayama, M. and Sk. Yamane: "Lasiomyma, a new stenammine ant genus, from Southeast Asia(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology. (in press).
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• [文献書誌] Takada, T. and H. Nakajima: "Theorems on the invasion process in stage-structured populations with dennsity-dependent dynamics." Journal of Mathematical Biology. 36. 497-514 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Seno, H. and H. Nakajima: "Transition matrix model for persistence of monocarpic perenial plant population under periodically ecological disturbance." Ecological Modelling. in press. (1999)
• [文献書誌] Kobayashi, K., H. Nakayashiki, S. Tsuge, K. Mise and I. Furusawa: "Accumulation kinetics of viral gene products in cauliflower mosaic virus-infected turnip protoplasts." Microbiology and Immunology. 42・1. 65-69 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Fujita,M., K. Mise, Y. Kajiura, K. Dohi and I. Furusawa: "Nucleic acid-binding properties and subcellular localization of the 3a protein of brome mosaic bromovirus." The Journal of General Virology. 79. 1263-1280 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Fujita, Y., K. Mise and I. Furusawa: "Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of bromovirus adaptive mutants derived form a single plant." Microbiology and Immunology. in press.
• [文献書誌] Sugimoto, A., T. Inoue, I. Tayasu, L. Miller, S. Takeichi and T, Abe: "Methane and hydrogen production in atermite-symbiont system." Ecological Research. 13. 241-257 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Miyashita, N.T., A. Kawabe, H. Innan and R. Terauchi: "Ihtra-and interspecific DNA variation and codon bias of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) Iocus of Arabis and Arabidopsis species." Molecular Biology and Evolution. 15. 1420-1429 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Sasanuma, T. and N. T. Miyashita: "The molecular evolution of the multion of the multigene family of the small subunit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxylase (rbcS) in Triticeae and its relatives." Proceedings, 9th Internaational Wheat Symposium Sasktoon, Saskachewan, Canada vol.3. 13. 52-54 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Tani, M., K. Shimura, T. Kohno, T. Shiroishi, S. Wakana, Kim, S.-R., T. Nohmi, H. Kasai, S. Takenoshita, Y. Nagamachi,and J. Yokota: "Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the mouse Oggl gene thatis involved in the repair of 8-hydroxyguanine in DNA damage." Mammalian Genome. 9. 32-37 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Hasimoto, Y., N. Shindo-Okada, M. Tani, Y. Nagamachi, K. Takeuchi, T. Shiroishi, H. Toma, and J. Yokota: "Expression of the Elm1 gene, a novel gene of CCN family, suppresses In vivo tumor growth and metastasis of K-1735 murine melanoma cells." Jourmal of Experimental Medicine. 187. 289-296 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Nagase, H., C-R. Wang, T. Yoshimoto, C. Sugishita, T. Shiroishi, A. Matsuzawa and H. Nariuchi: "Novel mutant mice secreting soluble CD4 without expression of membrane-bound CD4." European Journal of Immunology. 28. 403-412 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Obata, Y., T. Kaneko-Ishino, T. Koede, Y. Takai, T. Ueda, T. Shiroishi, F. Ishino, and T. Kono: "Disruption of primary imprinting during oocyte growth leads to the modified expression of inprinted genes during embryogenesis." Development. 125. 1553-1569 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Ishijima, J., H. Yasui, M. Morishima and T. Shiroishi: "Dominant lethality of the mouse skeletal mutation Tail-short (Ts) is determined by the Ts allele from mating partner." Genomics. 49. 341-350 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Sugimoto, A., T. Inoue, N. Kirtibutr and T. Abe: "Methane oxidation by termite mounds estimated by the carbon isotopic compositon of methane." Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 12・4. 595-605 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Munakata, N., M. Ono and S. Watanabe: "Monitoring of solar-UV exposure among school children in five japanese cities using spore dosimeter and UV-coloring labels." Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 89. 235-245 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Munakata, N.: "Spore dosimetry of solar-UV radiation: applications to monitoring of daily irradiance and personal exposure." Advances in Space Research. (in press).
• [文献書誌] 真木寿治・愿山郁: "DNAミスマッチ修復異常と発癌." 現代医療. 30. 1819-1824 (1998)
• [文献書誌] 真木寿治: "遺伝子不安定性と自然突然変異頻度に関わる遺伝子群." 組織培養工学. 24. 368-371 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Nakanishi, M., T Sekino, T. Kimoto, R. Tsuda and M. Kumagai: "A Hypothesis on formation of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum observed in Lake Biwa in summer of 1994." Japanese Journal of Limnology. (in press). (1999)
• [文献書誌] Nozaki, K.: "Algal community structure in a littoral zone in the north basin of Lake biwa." Japanese Journal of Limnology. (in press). (1999)
• [文献書誌] Grung, T. B., J. Urabe, and M. Nakanishi: "Regulation of the relationship berween phytoplankton Scenedesmus acutus and heterotrophic bacteria by the balance of light and nutrients." Aquatic Microbial Ecology. (in press). (1999)
• [文献書誌] Ishida, Y., H. Yokoi, S. Isomura, H. Ohtani, S. Tsuge, T. Sekino, M. Nakanishi and T. Kimoto: "Correlation analysis between fatty acid compositions of zooplankter indeviduals, fed on different phytoplankton species by means of pyrolysis-gas chromatography combined with on-line methylation." Journal of Chromatography. B716. 39-45 (1998)
• [文献書誌] kawabata, Z., M-G. Min, K. Matsui and N. Ishii: "Factors affecting the survival of genetically engineered Escherichia coli bearing a plasmid in a paddy field." The International Journal of Environmental Studies. 55・1/2. 77-85 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Min. M-G., Z. Kawabata, N. Ishii, Takata and K. Furukawa: "Fate of a PCB_s degrading recombinant Pseudomonas putida AC30(pMFB2)and its effect on the densities of microbes in marine microcosms contaminated with PCB_s." The International Journal of Environmental Studies. 55. 261-285 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Kawabata, Z., M-G. Min, N. Ishii, R. Takata and K. Furukawa: "Factors affecting the survival of Pseudomonas putida PCB_s-degrading recombinant plasmid in marine microcosms contaminated wiht _s." The International Journal of Environmental Studies. 54. 223-232 (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Fuma, S., H. Takeda, K. Miyamoto, K. Yanagisawa, Y. Inoue, N. Sato, M. Hirano and Z. Kawabata: "Effects of r-rays on the populations of steady-state aquatic microcosms." International Journal of Radiation Bioloogy. 74・1. 145-150 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Kawabata, Z., N. Ishii, M. Nasu and M-G. Min: "Dissolved DNA produced through a prey-predator relationship in species defined microcosm." Hydrobiology. in press.
• [文献書誌] Ishii, N., Z. Kawabata, S. Nakano, M-G. Min, and R. Takata: "Microbial interactions responsible for dissolved DNA production in hypereutrophic pond." Hydrobiology. 380. 67-76 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Nakano, S., N. Ishii, M. M. Pathmalal and Z. Kawabata: "Ecological roles of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates in tro;hic interactions among planktonic organisms in a hypereutrophic pond." Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 16. 153-161 (1998)
• [文献書誌] 中島敏幸・稲森悠平・遠藤銀朗・川端善一郎・栗原康: "微生物群集における外来種・導入種の定着-種間相互作用からみた共存と排除のメカニズム及び解説法-" Microbes and Environments. 13・4. 217-233 (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Urabe, J., T. K. Gurung and T. Yoshida: "Effects of phosphorus supply on phagotrophy b the mixotrophic algae, Uroglena americana (Chrysophyceae)." Aquatic Microbial Ecology. (in press).
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• [文献書誌] Hiura, T.: "Shoot dynamics and architecture of saplings in Fagus crenata across its geographical range." Trees, Structure and Function. 12. 264-280 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Tamura, S. and T. Hiura: "Proximate factors affecting fruit set and seed mass of Styrax obassia in a masting year." Ecoscience. 5. 100-107 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Sato, H. and T. Hiura: "Estimation of overlapping seed shasows in a northern mixid forest." Forest Ecology and Management. 104. 69-76 (1998)
• [文献書誌] 日浦勉・上島信彦・奥田篤志・北條元・石田亘生・奥山悟: "北方針広混交林におけるトドマツ、ミズナラ、イタヤカエデの直径成長におよぼす込み合い効果." 北大演習林研究報告. 55. 26-33 (1998)
• [文献書誌] 小池孝良・日浦勉・千葉幸弘: "地球温暖化と森林のCO_2固定能の意義." 動力. 248. 19-24 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Ishida, K. and T. Hiura: "Flowering phenology and pollen fertility in an androdioecious tree, Fraxinus lanuginosa." International Journal of Plant Science. 159. 941-947 (1998)
• [文献書誌] Fudushima, Y., T. Hiura and S. Tanabe: "Accuracy of MacArthur-Horn method for estimating a foliage profile." Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorogy. (in press). (1998)
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• [文献書誌] Stand biomass, net production and canopy structure in a secondary deciduous broad- leaved forest, northern Japan.: "Research Bulletin of Hokkaido Unibersity Forests" (in press). 1998.
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