2002 年度実績報告書

原始地球の遊離酸素とバイオマーカーに関する国際共同研究

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号	14253007
研究機関	鹿児島大学
研究代表者	根建心具鹿児島大学, 理学部, 教授 (10107849)
研究分担者	林謙一郎東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 助教授 (40124614) 井村隆介鹿児島大学, 理学部, 助教授 (40284864) 掛川武東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 助教授 (60250669) 加藤泰浩東京大学, 大学院・工学研究科, 助教授 (40221882) 奈良岡浩東京都立大学, 理学部, 助教授 (20198386)
キーワード	原始地球 / 生命 / 環境 / 共進化 / ピルバラ / 掘削 / 風化
研究概要	「原始地球における生命誕生と地球環境の共進化」は多くの人々に関心がもたれている研究課題である。我々は人類と地球の未来を予測することと,宇宙生物学の構築といういう2つの大きな目標に向かって,この課題に取り組んできた。本研究では,古細菌や原核生物,真核生物に由来する有機化合物の抽出に重点をおいて,原始地球の表層環境,海洋環境,気候条件,ダイナモ磁場発達とこれらの相互関係を解明するためにオーストラリアにおいて掘削事業を計画した.本年度は予備調査と,共同研究体制の構築を行なった.鹿児島大学を中心とした日本グループとペンシルヴァニア州立大学,西オーストラリア大学,西オーストラリア地費調査所の間で協力することにして協定書を作ると同時に,NASA関係者にも協力を呼び掛けた。一方予備調査のために2002年8月にオーストラリアに赴き地表調査から掘削候補地を選んだ。26億年前から35億年前までの全域にわたって調べ次の地層及び場所が適切であると判断した。 1.Hardey Fomation(2.76Ga)中の黒色頁岩,100m 2.Mount Roe Basalt(2.77Ga)の変質帯,200m 3.Mosquito Creek Formation(2.9-3.2Ga)中の黒色頁岩,100m 4.Sulfur Springs Formation(3.2Ga)中の火山性塊状硫化物鉱床200m 5.Towers F.Apex basalt(basalt, alteration):3.46Ga,300m 6.Towers Formation(3.46Ga)中のMarble Bar Chert,300m 7.Towers Formation(3.46Ga)中の黒色頁岩,200m 現在まで室内実験で有機炭素の含有量,有機炭素の同位体組成,岩石磁気学的性質を調査してきた。

研究成果

(23件)

すべてその他

すべて文献書誌 (23件)

[文献書誌] T.Okuda: "Vertical distributions and d13C isotopic compositions of PAHs in Chidorigafuchi Moat sediment, Japan"Org. Geochem.. 33. 838-848 (2002)
[文献書誌] Beukes, N.J.: "Tropical laterites, life on land, and the history of atmospheric oxygen in thwe Paleoproterozoic"Geology. 30. 491-494 (2002)
[文献書誌] Sato, K: "Mid-Cretaceous episodic magmatism and tin mineralization in Khingan-Okhotsk volcano-plutonic belt, Far East Russia. Res."Geol.. 52. 1-14 (2002)
[文献書誌] Miura, T.: "Sulphur sorces for chemoautotrophic nutrition of shallow water vestimeniferan tubeworms in Kagoshima Bay"J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K.. 82. 537-540 (2002)
[文献書誌] M.Nedachi: "The Loss of Iron from the 2.7 Ga Mt. Roe Paleosols (Pilbara, Australia) by Methane-rich Hydrothermal Fluids."Luner and Planetoty Science Conference, Proceeding paper. 33. 971-972 (2002)
[文献書誌] M.Nedachi: "2.76 Ga submarine hydrothermal system associated with life in the Mt. Roe basalt Pilbara, Australia"Expanded Abstract of Geological Society of America. 246. 226-228 (2002)
[文献書誌] T.Okuda: "Molecular and carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tokyo, Japan"Atmos. Environ.. 36. 611-618 (2002)
[文献書誌] S.R.Paulson: "Carbon isotope fractionation during permanganate oxidation of chlorinated ethylenes (cDCE, TCE, PCE)"Environ. Sci. Tech.. 36. 3270-3274 (2002)
[文献書誌] A.Sarkar: "Geochemical and organic carbon isotope studies across the continental Permean-Triassic boundary of Raniganj Basin, eastern India"Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol.. 191. 1-14 (2003)
[文献書誌] Yoshida, T.: "Dissolution of iron hydroxides by marine bacterial siderophore"Chemical Geology. 184. 1-9 (2002)
[文献書誌] El Rhazi, M.: "Mineralogy, geochemistry, and age constraints on the Beni Bou Ifrour skarm type magnetite deposit, northeastern Morocco"Resource Geology. 52. 25-39 (2002)
[文献書誌] 掛川武: "初期地球の生物活動と地球表層環境変動"遊星人. 12巻1号. 15-20 (2002)
[文献書誌] Kakegawa T: "Geochemical Cycles of Bio-essential elements on the early Earth and their relationships to origin of life"Resource Geology. 52. 83-89 (2002)
[文献書誌] Ando A.: "New perspective on Aptian carbon isotope stratigraphy : Data from d13C records of terrestrial organic matter"Geology. 30(3). 227-230 (2002)
[文献書誌] Hayashi, K.: "Oxygen isotope study of metamorphosed manganese deposits of the Noda-Tamagawa mine, northeast Japan"Economic Geology. 98. 181-189 (2003)
[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Geochemistry of Late Permian to Early Triassic pelagic cherts from southwest Japan : implications for an oceanic redox change"Chemical Geology. 182. 15-34 (2002)
[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Negative Ce anomaly in the Indian banded iron formations : Evidence for the emergence of oxygenated deep-sea at 2.9〜2.7 Ga"Resource Geology. 52. 101-110 (2002)
[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Unique geochemistry of sedimentary iron deposit formed by biologically induced mineralization"Resource Geology. 52. 123-134 (2002)
[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Preface : A special issue devoted to 50th Anniversary Symposium : Mineral resources, Earth's environments and life"Resource Geology. 52. 81-82 (2002)
[文献書誌] Nakamura, K.: "Carbonate minerals in the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton : Implications for continental crust, life, and global carbon cycle in the Early Archean"Resource Geology. 52. 91-100 (2002)
[文献書誌] 中村謙太郎: "太古代初期(3.5Ga)の海底熱水活動による海洋地殻の炭酸塩化作用とそのCO2シンクとしての重要性:II.全岩化学組成"資源地質. 52巻2号. 147-162 (2002)
[文献書誌] 加藤泰浩: "縞状鉄鋼層の語るもの-ダイナミックな地球の進化の産物-"遺伝. 56巻4号. 36-41 (2002)
[文献書誌] Kojima, S.: "Ore mineralogy, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopiccharacteristics of stratiform copper deposits in the coastal Cordillera of northern Chile"Mineralium Deposita. 38. 208-216 (2003)

2002 年度 実績報告書

原始地球の遊離酸素とバイオマーカーに関する国際共同研究

研究代表者

根建 心具 鹿児島大学, 理学部, 教授 (10107849)

研究成果

[文献書誌] T.Okuda: "Vertical distributions and d13C isotopic compositions of PAHs in Chidorigafuchi Moat sediment, Japan"Org. Geochem.. 33. 838-848 (2002)

[文献書誌] Beukes, N.J.: "Tropical laterites, life on land, and the history of atmospheric oxygen in thwe Paleoproterozoic"Geology. 30. 491-494 (2002)

[文献書誌] Sato, K: "Mid-Cretaceous episodic magmatism and tin mineralization in Khingan-Okhotsk volcano-plutonic belt, Far East Russia. Res."Geol.. 52. 1-14 (2002)

[文献書誌] Miura, T.: "Sulphur sorces for chemoautotrophic nutrition of shallow water vestimeniferan tubeworms in Kagoshima Bay"J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K.. 82. 537-540 (2002)

[文献書誌] M.Nedachi: "The Loss of Iron from the 2.7 Ga Mt. Roe Paleosols (Pilbara, Australia) by Methane-rich Hydrothermal Fluids."Luner and Planetoty Science Conference, Proceeding paper. 33. 971-972 (2002)

[文献書誌] M.Nedachi: "2.76 Ga submarine hydrothermal system associated with life in the Mt. Roe basalt Pilbara, Australia"Expanded Abstract of Geological Society of America. 246. 226-228 (2002)

[文献書誌] T.Okuda: "Molecular and carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tokyo, Japan"Atmos. Environ.. 36. 611-618 (2002)

[文献書誌] S.R.Paulson: "Carbon isotope fractionation during permanganate oxidation of chlorinated ethylenes (cDCE, TCE, PCE)"Environ. Sci. Tech.. 36. 3270-3274 (2002)

[文献書誌] A.Sarkar: "Geochemical and organic carbon isotope studies across the continental Permean-Triassic boundary of Raniganj Basin, eastern India"Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol.. 191. 1-14 (2003)

[文献書誌] Yoshida, T.: "Dissolution of iron hydroxides by marine bacterial siderophore"Chemical Geology. 184. 1-9 (2002)

[文献書誌] El Rhazi, M.: "Mineralogy, geochemistry, and age constraints on the Beni Bou Ifrour skarm type magnetite deposit, northeastern Morocco"Resource Geology. 52. 25-39 (2002)

[文献書誌] 掛川武: "初期地球の生物活動と地球表層環境変動"遊星人. 12巻1号. 15-20 (2002)

[文献書誌] Kakegawa T: "Geochemical Cycles of Bio-essential elements on the early Earth and their relationships to origin of life"Resource Geology. 52. 83-89 (2002)

[文献書誌] Ando A.: "New perspective on Aptian carbon isotope stratigraphy : Data from d13C records of terrestrial organic matter"Geology. 30(3). 227-230 (2002)

[文献書誌] Hayashi, K.: "Oxygen isotope study of metamorphosed manganese deposits of the Noda-Tamagawa mine, northeast Japan"Economic Geology. 98. 181-189 (2003)

[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Geochemistry of Late Permian to Early Triassic pelagic cherts from southwest Japan : implications for an oceanic redox change"Chemical Geology. 182. 15-34 (2002)

[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Negative Ce anomaly in the Indian banded iron formations : Evidence for the emergence of oxygenated deep-sea at 2.9〜2.7 Ga"Resource Geology. 52. 101-110 (2002)

[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Unique geochemistry of sedimentary iron deposit formed by biologically induced mineralization"Resource Geology. 52. 123-134 (2002)

[文献書誌] Kato, Y.: "Preface : A special issue devoted to 50th Anniversary Symposium : Mineral resources, Earth's environments and life"Resource Geology. 52. 81-82 (2002)

[文献書誌] Nakamura, K.: "Carbonate minerals in the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton : Implications for continental crust, life, and global carbon cycle in the Early Archean"Resource Geology. 52. 91-100 (2002)

[文献書誌] 中村謙太郎: "太古代初期(3.5Ga)の海底熱水活動による海洋地殻の炭酸塩化作用とそのCO2シンクとしての重要性:II.全岩化学組成"資源地質. 52巻2号. 147-162 (2002)

[文献書誌] 加藤泰浩: "縞状鉄鋼層の語るもの-ダイナミックな地球の進化の産物-"遺伝. 56巻4号. 36-41 (2002)

[文献書誌] Kojima, S.: "Ore mineralogy, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopiccharacteristics of stratiform copper deposits in the coastal Cordillera of northern Chile"Mineralium Deposita. 38. 208-216 (2003)

2002 年度実績報告書

根建心具鹿児島大学, 理学部, 教授 (10107849)