| 研究実績の概要 |
In the second year of this research project on the introduction of Confucian ritual in Japan during the 18th century, the emphasis has continued to be on locating primary source documents in libraries and archives in Japan relating to Confucian ritual and its moral purpose in domain schools. These sources demonstrate the importance of Confucian teaching and Confucian ritual forms in domain schools. The layout of some schools, with the Confucius temple situated prominently at the centre, seems to reflect the key role of domain Confucian scholars in the planning and establishment of the schools. At the same time, in many domain schools, training in Classical Chinese Confucian texts was integrated with education in texts on military strategy and Japanese literary skills, along with the physical practice of Japanese martial arts (sword, archery) and horsemanship. Some schools, following the policies of the shogun Yoshimune, accepted commoners as well as samurai and higher vassals. It is clear that a primary motivation for establishing schools was governance: they are described in source documents as a practical method for countering popular unrest and disorder, which were thought to arise from moral breakdown. The concept of transculturation clearly applies here: the schools’ intended function as vectors of cultural transmission and moral transformation was very much planned and directed by domain authorities according to local needs, and was not passive reception of outside culture.
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| 現在までの達成度 (区分) |
現在までの達成度 (区分)
2: おおむね順調に進展している
理由
The project is progressing very much according to plan; if anything there is a greater wealth than expected of detailed material directly addressing the background and motivations behind the introduction of teaching and practice in Confucian ritual through the establishment of the 18th century domain schools. The Japanese cultural and political environment led to modification and often attenuation or even omission of Confucian ritual forms, and also to the incorporation of Japanese educational content alongside the study of Confucian canonical texts. The shift away from more visual forms that had been typical of the 17th century, and more toward ritual and education as a means of promoting social order, is clearly evident.
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| 今後の研究の推進方策 |
The project will continue along the lines established in the first two years, in particular toward continued investigation of archival documents from domain school sites around Japan, which are expected to reveal more about the formulation of Confucian ritual in different domains during the 18th century, and the place this ritual study had in the school curricula. This will help further clarify the dynamics which drove the formulation of Confucian ritual forms in Japan, and how these dynamics differed from those of the 17th century when Confucian education in Japan had been less prevalent.
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