| 研究実績の概要 |
Following the analysis of rapport orientation differences between Japanese English and Australian English, backchannel instances were further analysed with a particular focus on smile.
Smile was categorised into 'neutral', 'broad' and 'broader' in order to identify its location and role in interaction. The analysis using the models of interactional management strategies revealed that first, the use of smile in backchannel instances, especially in backchannel sequences, plays an important role in rapport building and stance-taking, and second, the use of smile was different between Japanese English and Australian English. This means that, backchannel and smile are not only influenced by the linguistic differences (forms) and cultural expectations, but also influenced by rapport orientation in each variety of English. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of smile suggests that the degree of rapport in backchannel interaction can be measured by looking at the number of elements and the degree of each element.
The findings were presented at the Annual Meeting of the 21st Pragmatic Society Of Japan, and the manuscript has been accepted to be published as an article in Proceedings of the 21st conference of the Pragmatics Society of Japan.
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| 現在までの達成度 (区分) |
現在までの達成度 (区分)
3: やや遅れている
理由
The analysis revealed that smile needs to be further analysed in detail in relation to backchannel instance, thus required more time for data transcribing than expected, as well as a slight change in the research direction. Although the goal is still to identify accommodation strategies and negotiation strategies in ELF, we believe that detailed analysis of smile in each variety was necessary before we further proceed with the analysis of ELF communication.
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| 今後の研究の推進方策 |
In order to support our initial findings of smile in backchannel instances in Australian English and Japanese English, more statistic analysis is required. Once we achieve the statistic results, we will then proceed in analysing the smile in backchannel instances in ELF communication and identify the accommodation strategies and negotiation strategies. The accommodation/negotiation strategies in terms of backchannel cues and Speaker-initiated backchannels have been revealed, but it remains unclear how smile differences influence such interaction. Our goal this year is to tie our analysis of smile to the analysis of backchannel use in ELF, and to reveal how ELF speakers overcome rapport orientation differences without threatening each other's face.
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