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An algorithm for prediction of depth doses from PET images for 11C and 15O ion beams was developed for the first time. The depth doses and PET images were measured in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms for mono-energetic and poly-energetic ion beams in the carbon therapy facility of the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). PET images of the mono-energetic ion beams were used to reproduce the measured PET activity of the poly-energetic ion beams and then the depth doses were calculated using the proposed algorithm. The predicted dose profiles were in overall good agreement with the measured ones and the distal fall-off positions at 80% of the Bragg peaks were also predicted within 0.2 mm for both 11C and 15O ion beams.
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