| 研究実績の概要 |
Japanese has phrasal stress, which is manifested in terms of increased jaw displacement; pitch accent, which is manifested in terms of changes in fundamental frequency (laryngeal vibration patterns) are independent from phrasal stress, which is manifested by changes in jaw displacement and corresponding acoustic changes due to changes in the vocal tract shape, especially changes in the first formant resonating frequencies (F1). In Japanese, we see phrasal stress at the beginning and end of phrases (Kawahara et al. 2014). For English phrasal stress (rhythm), on the other hand, patterns of jaw displacement reflect the metrical patterning of strong and weak syllables in English phrases. Since these metrical stress patterns of English are different from those of Japanese, beginning and intermediate Japanese speakers of English tend to transfer their native stress patterns to spoken English; specifically, we see final phrasal stress even in cases where native speakers of English do not put final phrasal stress (Erickson et al. 2014).
In additional, new work this year has been looking at phrasal stress patterns in Mandarin Chinese. Here also we see patterns of jaw displacement reflecting the linguistic phrasal patterns (Erickson et al. 2015).
Also this year we have applied our findings about rhythm and jaw displacement patterns to implementing and developing an articulatory model of speech production, specifically, the C/D Model (Kim et al., 2014, Erickson, Kawahara, and Menezes et al. 2014b, Erickson, Kawahara, Williams et al. 2014, Erickson, Kawahara, Moore et al. 2014).
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| 現在までの達成度 (区分) |
現在までの達成度 (区分)
2: おおむね順調に進展している
理由
The goal of the three year grant was to examine how Japanese and Chinse second language learners of English produce the rhythm patterns of spoken English. The working hypothesis is that jaw displacement patterns form the underlying articulatory framework for spoken rhythm. In year 1, we examined Japanese L1 and L2 jaw displacement patterns of rhythm; in year 2, we examined Chinese L1 and L2 jaw displacement patterns of rhythm. In year 3, our final year, we are working on developing an application to help Japanese and Chinese L2 speakers of English modify their jaw displacement patterns, and thereby improve their L2 (English) rhythm patterns.
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| 今後の研究の推進方策 |
1.We will continue recording and analyzing Mandarin Chinese speakers of jaw displacement to see to what extent these patterns reflect Mandarin Chinese stress patterns, and how these L1 patterns affect their L2 (English) rhythm.
2.In order to help both Japanese and Chinese L2 English speakers improve their spoken English rhythm, we are working with Professors Wilson and Yaguchi at the University of Aizu to develop a software application to aid second language learners modify their jaw displacement patterns, and thus improve their ability to communicate effectively in English.
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| 備考 |
A open discussion about the C/D model: how it accounts for prominence and phrasing patterns, and its application to second language acquisition, especially, spoken rhythm.
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