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2013 年度 実施状況報告書

The Reproduction of Visible Confucian Forms in 17th Century Japan as a Case of Transculturation

研究課題

研究課題/領域番号 25370747
研究種目

基盤研究(C)

研究機関東京大学

研究代表者

CHARD Robert  東京大学, 東洋文化研究所, 客員教授 (30571492)

研究期間 (年度) 2013-04-01 – 2016-03-31
キーワードConfucianism / Ritual
研究概要

In the first year of this research project on the visible forms of Confucianism in Japan during the 17th century, the emphasis has been on: 1. clarifying the original Chinese canonical sources on ritual forms, above all the Yili, and explanatory texts and practical manuals derived from it, of which the most influential in 17th-century Japan was the ‘Family Rituals’ (Zhuzi jiali) of Zhu Xi (1130-1200), backed up by Zhu Xi's more scholastic commentary Yili jingzhuan tongjie; and 2. examining Japan-related sources, including the writings of the Chinese emigre Zhu Shunshui on the implementation of Confucian ritual, and materials related to Japanese Confucians in Kyushu, Mito, and Kaga with whom Zhu worked. Through these sources it is possible to clarify the patterns of adoption and transmission of visible Confucian ritual in Japan, which shows a strong emphasis on visible forms, for example Confucius temples, sacrificial rituals, Confucian dress, funeral ritual, and mourning garments. Japanese Confucians sought extensive advice from Zhu on the detailed technicalities of such ritual forms, yet the results of this project research so far suggest that in the end the implementation of Zhu's various plans was usually only partial at best, reflecting a wider pattern of selective transmission, or transculturation. The results from the first project year have so far been publicly disseminated in the form of one published article and four conference presentations during the year.

現在までの達成度 (区分)
現在までの達成度 (区分)

2: おおむね順調に進展している

理由

The research project so far has been going according to plan, particularly in uncovering materials from the Japanese side (relating to Yanagawa, Mito, and Kaga domains) specifically dealing with the adoption of Confucian ritual in the 17th century. These have revealed details on how circumstances of the Japanese environment led to modification and often attenuation in the adoption of Confucian ritual forms. This phenomenon cannot be understood without considering the visuality of the ritual forms, and the very different ways in which this operated in China and Japan. The concept of transculturation - as opposed to acculturation - has been particularly helpful to understanding the nature of Japanese Confucianism during the 17th century.

今後の研究の推進方策

The project will continue along the lines established in the first year. More work is needed to clarify the Chinese sources taken as authoritative by Japanese rulers and their Confucian scholars, and the nature of their implementation of these sources. The ‘Family Rituals’ of Zhu Xi was the preeminent guide to Confucian ritual in 17th-century Japan, but Zhu Shunshui and Japanese Confucians deemed it insufficiently comprehensive for all levels of society, and so needed to formulate further guides of their own. Wider investigation of archival documents from around Japan should reveal more about the formulation of ritual in different domains. This will help clarify the dynamics which drove the formulation of Confucian ritual forms in Japan, and how these dynamics differed from those of China.

次年度の研究費の使用計画

There was an unspent balance in the funds allocated for the first project year, originally intended for the purchase of books related to Japanese Confucianism in the 17th century. These funds were not spent because the books were out of stock and unavailable.
These books will become available again during the second year of the project, and will be purchased in accordance with the original plan. In addition, the research plan for the second year includes visits to collect historical materials from regions in Japan where Confucian ritual forms were implemented during the early Edo period, which will be used to advance the understanding of Confucian culture in 17th-century Japan; the research results arising from this will be disseminated publicly as they develop.

  • 研究成果

    (5件)

すべて 2013 その他

すべて 雑誌論文 (1件) 学会発表 (4件) (うち招待講演 3件)

  • [雑誌論文] Zhu Shunshui's Plans for the Confucian Ancestral Shrines (Zongmiao 宗廟) in Kaga Domain2013

    • 著者名/発表者名
      Chard Robert
    • 雑誌名

      東洋文化研究所紀要

      巻: 164冊 ページ: 348(21)~317(52)

    • DOI

      http://hdl.handle.net/2261/55654

  • [学会発表] Reconstructing the ‘Five Shrines’ (wu miao 五廟) of the Feudal Lords in Japan

    • 著者名/発表者名
      Chard Robert
    • 学会等名
      第二届礼学国際学術研討会
    • 発表場所
      中国美術学院(中国杭州市)
    • 招待講演
  • [学会発表] Intercultural Reconstruction: Zhu Shunshui's Ancestral Shrines (zong miao 宗廟) for the Feudal Lords in Japan

    • 著者名/発表者名
      Chard Robert
    • 学会等名
      第六届世界儒学大会
    • 発表場所
      中国曲阜市
    • 招待講演
  • [学会発表] Zhu Shunshui and the Implementation of Confucian Ritual Forms in Japan

    • 著者名/発表者名
      Chard Robert
    • 学会等名
      明清中国与日本学術研討会
    • 発表場所
      香港中文大学(香港)
    • 招待講演
  • [学会発表] Zhu Shunshui's Early Work on Confucian Ritual in Japan (1660-65)

    • 著者名/発表者名
      Chard Robert
    • 学会等名
      Conference “East Asian Interactions II”
    • 発表場所
      University of Oxford(英国)

URL: 

公開日: 2015-05-28  

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