| 研究課題/領域番号 |
26370638
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| 研究機関 | 早稲田大学 |
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研究代表者 |
Sheppard Chris 早稲田大学, 理工学術院, 准教授 (60350386)
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| 研究分担者 |
Manalo Emmanuel 京都大学, 教育学研究科(研究院), 教授 (30580386)
木下 直子 早稲田大学, 付置研究所, 准教授 (40364715)
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| 研究期間 (年度) |
2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31
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| キーワード | 外国語教育 / 批判的思考 / TBLT / Linguistic Relativism |
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| 研究実績の概要 |
This project aims to determine better methods to teach critical thinking skills of Japanese through English. The project has three strands. The first is to attempt to measure the critical thinking skills of Japanese tertiary students and compare them with those of U.S. students to determine if their Japanese critical thinking skills are indeed inferior. In the 2015 academic year, attempts were made to identify or design an instrument which would allow the comparison of the two populations.
The second strand builds on previous research which examines possible reasons why Japanese are seen to have poor critical thinking skills. This study plans to test the Sapir-Whorf which predicts the structure of their first language influences the degree to which an individual can thinking critically. In 2014 and 2015 data has been collected from Japanese speakers learning English. There was also an attempt to collect data from English speakers learning Japanese. However, finding willing participants has proven to be difficult. It was decided to change the focus of the study, and collect data from Korean and Chinese learners of Japanese. In order to collect this data, the research materials were translated into Chinese and Korean. Data collection is on-going. Finally, in collected data has been analyzed and inputted.
The third strand of this project attempts to identify effective methods for the critical thinking education of Japanese learners of English in English. This research will be conducted in the 2016 academic year.
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| 現在までの達成度 (区分) |
現在までの達成度 (区分)
4: 遅れている
理由
There are two reasons for being behind the originally planned schedule. The first is the difficulty in finding an instrument to validly measure critical thinking ability. Many of the instruments which are available are not open source and there is no Japanese translation available. The companies, understandably, do not allow independent researchers to translate their instruments. Work is on-going to attempt locate an instrument which will meet the project’s needs.
The second reason is due to the difficulty in finding English speaking Japanese learners who are willing to participate in this project. In order to overcome this problem, it was decided to change the focus of the data collection and collect data from Chinese and Korean learners of Japanese. In order to do this, the research materials and instruments needed to be translated Chinese and Korean. This has been completed, and data was collected in the 2015 academic year. Data collection will continue in 2016.
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| 今後の研究の推進方策 |
The plans for the 2016 academic year for each of the strands are as follow. The first strand attempts to determine if Japanese students are really deficient in critical thinking skills. Efforts will continue to locate an instrument which can measure critical thinking ability in both Japanese and English validly and reliably. If this proves too difficult, a simple instrument will be designed and administered in Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Japan, and Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. Data will be collated and analyzed, and plans will be made to present the data in 2017.
The second strand investigates the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which predicts that a possible reason for Japanese to be seen as inferior critical thinkers is because the structure of Japanese is not conducive to thinking critically. In 2016, Kinoshita will travel to China and Korea to collect data from Chinese and Korean learners of Japanese. Attempts to identify English learners of Japanese will continue. Once the data is collected, data will be processed, collated and analyzed. It is hoped that the initial findings will be presented at a conference in 2016.
The final strand examines the effectiveness of using a task-based teaching methodology for the teaching of critical thinking to Japanese students. To do this, a quasi-experimental studies will be designed and implemented in the spring and fall semesters.
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| 次年度使用額が生じた理由 |
The original plan of this study was to use The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal questionnaire, however this was not possible due to the fact that they had no Japanese version of the questionnaire, and they would not allow translations to be made. I have been looking for alternatives to this, and have found the California Critical Thinking Skills Test, however, to date, the have not responded to my e-mails requesting information.
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| 次年度使用額の使用計画 |
My plan to use this for the 2016 year is to continue looking for a questionnaire which will evaluate the critical thinking skills of Japanese/Chinese/Korean/United States students. If this is not possible, I will create my own simplified instrument, and return the funds which would have been used for this portion of the project.
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