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2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Species barriers in endosperm: key molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation

Planned Research

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Project AreaDetermining the principles of the birth of new plant species: molecular elucidation of the lock-and-key systems in sexual reproduction
Project/Area Number 16H06471
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Biological Sciences
Research InstitutionYokohama City University

Principal Investigator

Kinoshita Tetsu  横浜市立大学, 木原生物学研究所, 教授 (60342630)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 吉田 健太郎  神戸大学, 農学研究科, 准教授 (40570750)
赤木 剛士  京都大学, 農学研究科, 助教 (50611919)
Project Period (FY) 2016-06-30 – 2021-03-31
Keywords胚乳 / 生殖的隔離 / エピジェネティクス
Outline of Final Research Achievements

The mechanism of species hybridization barrier is arranged in the plant endosperm to avoid heterologous fertilization with different species, which is controlled by not only nucleotide sequence but also epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, in order to elucidate the principle of the birth of new plant species, we clarified the role of FACT histone chaperones, which are essential for DNA demethylation to epigenetically induce reproductive barriers in the endosperm. We also identified basics that species barrier can be overcome by increased ploidy levels in one parent.

Free Research Field

植物分子遺伝学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

胚乳胚乳の発生は塩基配列レベルのみならず、ゲノムインプリンティングを介したエピジェネティックな機構によりオス由来とメス由来のゲノムのバランスが保たれている。この機構は同種の交雑ではバランスが保たれているが、異種の交雑ではそのバランスが崩れる致死となる。本研究では、その分子機構を明らかにし、異種の交雑においても片親の倍数性を操作するとバランスが復帰して発芽可能な雑種種子が得られることを明らかにした。

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Published: 2022-01-27  

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