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2008 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

磁壁運動によるスピン流と起電力

Planned Research

Project AreaCreation and control of spin current
Project/Area Number 19048009
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

前川 禎通  Tohoku University, 金属材料研究所, 教授 (60005973)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 森 道康  東北大学, 金属材料研究所, 講師 (30396519)
高橋 三郎  東北大学, 金属材料研究所, 助教 (60171485)
家田 淳一  東北大学, 金属材料研究所, 助教 (20463797)
Keywordsゼーベック効果 / スピンゼーベック効果 / スピントロニクス / スビン起電力 / スピンホール効果 / 電磁誘導 / ファラディの法則 / トンネル素子
Research Abstract

磁性体における伝導現象は、スピン流の概念の構築と微細加工技術を両輪として、近年急速に発展している研究分野である。また、磁気デバイス技術等のスピントロニクスへの応用では、スピン流を自在に制御することが非常に重要な課題であり、スピン流生成技術の開拓が急務となっている。当研究では、スピン流及びスピン起電力について、次の2つの成果を得た。
(1) 熱によりスピン流を駆動する新しい現象、スピンゼーベック効果、を開発した。
金属の両端に温度差を与えると電圧が生じる現象はゼーベック効果として良く知られている。同様に強磁性金属の両端に温度差を与えることによりスピン圧(スピン起電力)が生じることを見出した。このスピン起電力をスピンホール効果を利用することにより、電圧として取り出せることも示した。
(2) 磁界の中に電気回路を置いた時、磁界の時間的な変化により回路に電圧や電流が生じる。これはファラディの電磁誘導として良く知られている。我々はトンネルデバイス中に埋め込んだMnAsナノ磁石の磁化が静磁界中で反転する時に発生する磁気エネルギーが電気的エネルギーに変換され、トンネルデバイスに電圧が発生することを見出した。これは、ファラディの電磁誘導の法則に「スピン」効果を導入して拡張が必要であることを初めて示したものである。この「スピン起電力」により、極めて大きな磁気抵抗効果も得られることを明らかにした。

  • Research Products

    (80 results)

All 2009 2008 Other

All Journal Article (27 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 27 results) Presentation (52 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Sign reversal of ac Josephson current in a ferromagnetic Josephson junction2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Hikino
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 78

      Pages: 014708-014715

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Enhanced Spin Hall Effect by Resonant Skew Scattering in the Orbital-Dependent Kondo Effect2009

    • Author(s)
      G.Y. Guo
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Lett 102

      Pages: 036401-036404

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Phenomenological analysis for spin-Seebeck effect in metallic magnets2009

    • Author(s)
      K. Uchida
    • Journal Title

      J. Appl. Phys 105

      Pages: 07C908-1-07C908-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Doping and temperature dependence of Raman scattering from NdFeAsO1-xFx(x=0-0.2) superconductor2009

    • Author(s)
      L. Zhang
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. B 79

      Pages: 052507-052510

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Possible d(0) ferromagnetism in MgO doped with nitrogen2009

    • Author(s)
      B. Gu
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. B 79

      Pages: 024407-024413

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Mechanism on spatial varitaion of pairing gap by apical atoms in cuprates2009

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys : Conf. Ser 150

      Pages: 052169-052172

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Phase and spin dynamics in a superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Hikino
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys : Conf. Ser 150

      Pages: 052069-052072

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Electromotive force and huge magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions2009

    • Author(s)
      P. N. Hai
    • Journal Title

      Nature 458

      Pages: 489-492

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spin transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions with synthetic ferrimagnetic layers2009

    • Author(s)
      M. Ichimura
    • Journal Title

      J. Appl. Phys 150

      Pages: D7D120-1-07D120-2

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert study of the effect of pulse width onspin-transfer torque magnetization switching2009

    • Author(s)
      R. Sugano
    • Journal Title

      J. Appl. Phys 105

      Pages: 07D130-1-07D130-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Ferromagnetic resonance induced Josephson current in a supe rconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Hikino
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 77

      Pages: 053707-053710

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Enhancement of phonon effects in photoexcited states of one-dimensional Mott Insulators2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Matsueda
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. B 77

      Pages: 193112-193115

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spin current, spin accumulation and spin Hall effect2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Takahashi
    • Journal Title

      Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater 9

      Pages: 014105-014115

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Angular dependence of inverse spin Hall effect induced by spin pumping investigated in a Ni81Fe19/Pt thin film2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Ando
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. B 78, 014413 (2008) 78

      Pages: 014413-004418

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Electric Manipulation of Spin Relaxation Using the Spin Hall Effect2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Ando
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Lett 101

      Pages: 036601-036604

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Theoretical study of ac Josephson effect in a double barrier J osephson junction2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Hikino
    • Journal Title

      Physica C 468

      Pages: 1907-1909

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in a self-doped bilayer t-t'-J model2008

    • Author(s)
      J. Y. Gan
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. B 78

      Pages: 094504-094509

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Observation of the spin Seebeck effect2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Uchida
    • Journal Title

      Nature 455

      Pages: 778-781

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Unusually Small Electrical Resistance of Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Gold in External Magnetic Fields2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Fujita
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Lett 101

      Pages: 166601-166604

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Origin of spatial variation of pairing gap in Bi-based high-Tccuprates2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Lett 101

      Pages: 247003-247006

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Crystal structure effect on the ferromagnetic correlations in ZnO with magnetic impurities2008

    • Author(s)
      B. Gu
    • Journal Title

      J. Appl. Phys 104

      Pages: 103906-1-103906-7

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Effect of electron-phonon interaction on optical response in one-dimensional cuprates2008

    • Author(s)
      H. Matsueda
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Chem. Solid 69

      Pages: 3070-3073

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Momentum-resolved charge excitations in high-Tc cuprates st udied by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Ishiiu
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Chem. Solid 69

      Pages: 3118-3124

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Theoretical study of thermoelectric and Hall effects in the lay ered cobalt oxides, Na_xCoO_22008

    • Author(s)
      W. Koshibae
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Chem. Solid 69

      Pages: 3214-3216

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Proximity effects in a superconductor/ferromagnet junction2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Hikino
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Chem. Solid 69

      Pages: 3257-3260

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Exact diagonalization study on nonmagnetic impurity effects in high-T-c superconductors2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Tsutsui
    • Journal Title

      J. Phys. Chem. Solid 69

      Pages: 3365-3368

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spin current in superconductors2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Journal Title

      Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl 176

      Pages: 341-345

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 鉄ヒ素系超伝導体の四面体結合角と電子状態2009

    • Author(s)
      森道康
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第64回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      立教大学池袋キャンパス
    • Year and Date
      20090327-30
  • [Presentation] スピンバルブにおける磁化ダイナミクスとスピン起電力2009

    • Author(s)
      家田淳一
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第64回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      立教大学
    • Year and Date
      20090327-30
  • [Presentation] Electronic states and material dependences of Fe-based superconductors2009

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Organizer
      APS March Meeting 2009
    • Place of Presentation
      Pittsburgh (USA)
    • Year and Date
      20090316-20
  • [Presentation] The role of spin-motive forces in spin valve dynamics2009

    • Author(s)
      J. Ieda
    • Organizer
      The American Physical Society March Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
    • Year and Date
      20090316-20
  • [Presentation] Spin Hall, Spin Faraday, and Spin Seebeck Effects2009

    • Author(s)
      J. Ieda
    • Organizer
      2009 WPI-AIMR Annual Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Zao, Miyagt (宮城県、蔵王町)
    • Year and Date
      20090301-06
  • [Presentation] Thermal Spin Currents2009

    • Author(s)
      J. Ieda
    • Organizer
      Spin Caloritronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Leiden, The Netherlands
    • Year and Date
      20090209-13
  • [Presentation] スピンバルブにおける磁化ダイナミクスとスピン起電力2009

    • Author(s)
      家田淳一
    • Organizer
      特定領域「スゼン流」成果報告会
    • Place of Presentation
      宮城県、仙台市
    • Year and Date
      20090107-08
  • [Presentation] GMR(巨大磁気抵抗効果)からTMR(トンネル磁気抵抗効果)へ2009

    • Author(s)
      前川禎通
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第64回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      立教大学
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-29
  • [Presentation] 強磁性/非磁性系の磁気励起による強磁性体中のスピン蓄積と磁気緩和嵐2009

    • Author(s)
      高橋三郎
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第64回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      立教大学
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-28
  • [Presentation] Ferromagnetic Josephson resonance by the interplay of FMR and Josephson effect2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The Joint JSPS-ESF International Conference on Nanoscience and in Superconductivity
    • Place of Presentation
      Tsukuba, Ibaraki
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-26
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Charge Current, Heat Current and Spin-Electr onics2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      ACPT Seminar
    • Place of Presentation
      浦項大学(POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-23
  • [Presentation] Time evolution of excited state in the system with first-order metal-insulator transition2009

    • Author(s)
      Wataru Koshibae
    • Organizer
      2009 APS March Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Pittsburgh国際会議場
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-18
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Charge Current, Heat Current and Spin-Electr onics2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      AIST-RIKEN Joint Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Nago, Okinawa (沖縄県、名護市)
    • Year and Date
      2009-03-07
  • [Presentation] Nano-Science and Spin Electronics (plenary talk)2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      The 1st NanoSquare Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Osaka Prefecture Univ ersity, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2009-02-28
  • [Presentation] Extrinsic Spin Hall effect in metallic nanostructures2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      Spin Caloritronics Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Leiden, Netherland
    • Year and Date
      2009-02-10
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Charge Current, Heat Current and Spin-Electr onics2009

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      Condensed Matter Seminar
    • Place of Presentation
      Universite de Paris, P aris, France
    • Year and Date
      2009-01-22
  • [Presentation] 磁性ナノ構造における保存則とスピン起電力2009

    • Author(s)
      前川禎通
    • Organizer
      特定領域「スピン流の創出と制御」平成20年度成果報告会
    • Place of Presentation
      ホテル岩沼屋、宮城
    • Year and Date
      2009-01-07
  • [Presentation] Origin of spatial variation of pairing gap in Bi-based high-Tccuprates2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Organizer
      The 7-th Asia-Pacific Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Tokyo ,Japan
    • Year and Date
      20081107-10
  • [Presentation] Apical oxygen and charge imbalance in multi-layered cuprates2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Organizer
      The 21th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      Tsukuba, Ibaraki
    • Year and Date
      20081027-29
  • [Presentation] Current-induced domain wall motion in inhomogeneous nanowires2008

    • Author(s)
      J. Ieda
    • Organizer
      The 23rd Nishinomiya-Yukawa Memorial International Workshop, Spin Transport in Condensed Matter
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto, Kyoto (京都府京都市)
    • Year and Date
      20081027-28
  • [Presentation] Apical oxygen and paring gap in cuprates2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Organizer
      International workshop " Inelastic Neutron and X-Ray Scattering in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems "
    • Place of Presentation
      Sendai, Miyagi
    • Year and Date
      20081001-03
  • [Presentation] 鉄オキシニクタイド超伝導体の電子状態と組成依存性2008

    • Author(s)
      森道康
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2008年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      岩手大学上田キャンパス
    • Year and Date
      20080920-23
  • [Presentation] Current-Induced Domain Wall Creep in Magnetic wires2008

    • Author(s)
      J. Ieda
    • Organizer
      The 9th International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of New Technology
    • Place of Presentation
      Kawagoe, Saitama (埼玉県、川越市)
    • Year and Date
      20080825-28
  • [Presentation] Mechanism on spatial variation of pairing gap by apical atoms in cuprates2008

    • Author(s)
      M. Mori
    • Organizer
      The 25th International conference on low t emperature physics (LT25)
    • Place of Presentation
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Year and Date
      20080807-13
  • [Presentation] ナノ構造磁化ダイナミクスによるスピン起電力2008

    • Author(s)
      家田淳一
    • Organizer
      特定領域研究「スピン流」研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto, Kyoto (京都府京都市)
    • Year and Date
      20080722-24
  • [Presentation] 強相関電子系の熱電効果におけるスピンと軌道の役割2008

    • Author(s)
      小椎八重航
    • Organizer
      次世代スーパーコンピュータプロジェクトナノ統合拠点の物性科学ワーキンググループ連続研究会-新しい概念に基づく熱電材料とその物理-
    • Place of Presentation
      東北大学金属材料研究所21COE棟セミナー室
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-12
  • [Presentation] 新しい概念に基づく熱電材料とその物理2008

    • Author(s)
      家田淳一
    • Organizer
      ループ連続研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      宮城県、仙台市
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-12
  • [Presentation] Local Structure and Electronic States in Cuprates and Fe-Pnictides2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      A3 Foresight Program
    • Place of Presentation
      Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China
    • Year and Date
      2008-12-08
  • [Presentation] New trend of condensed matter science in 21st Century2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      Center for Quantum Science and Engineering (CQSE) Opening Ceremony and Forum in Condensed Matter Science
    • Place of Presentation
      International Auditorium, Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-28
  • [Presentation] Nonlocal spin injection and spin Hall effect in metallic nanostructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The 23rd Nishinomiya-Yukawa Memorial International Workshop - Spin Transport in Condensed Matter
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto, Kyotd (京都府京都市)
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-27
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Charge Current, Heat Current and Spin-Electrnnirs2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      Center for Quantum Science and Engineering (CQSE) Opening Ceremony and Forum in Condensed Matter Science
    • Place of Presentation
      International Auditorium, Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-26
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Charge Current, Heat Current and Spin-Electonics2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      QPEC Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Koshiba Hall, Tokyo Univ, Tokyo, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-20
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Charge Current, Heat Current and Spin-Electronics2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      WPI Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Tohoku University, Sendal, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-18
  • [Presentation] Non-Local Spin Transport and Spin Motive Force in Magnetic Nanostructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, American Center for Physics
    • Place of Presentation
      Austin, Taxes, USA
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-13
  • [Presentation] Time evolution of excited state in the system with first-order metal-insulator transitiorrr2008

    • Author(s)
      Wataru Koshibae
    • Organizer
      ISAQM2008 and The 7th APW
    • Place of Presentation
      Yasuda Auditorium, Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2008-11-08
  • [Presentation] Spin Motive Force in Magnetic Nanostructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      421st. Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Seminar on Spin Hall Effect, Physikzentrum
    • Place of Presentation
      Bed Honeff, Germany
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-20
  • [Presentation] Domain wall motion in variable-shaped magnetic wires2008

    • Author(s)
      J. Ieda
    • Organizer
      The Joint European Magnetics Symposia
    • Place of Presentation
      Dublin, Ireland
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-14
  • [Presentation] Conservation Laws and Spin Motive Force in Magnetic Nanos tructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      CNSI-Rice Workshop on Nanoelecronics, Spintronics and Photonics
    • Place of Presentation
      Calfornia Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Santa Bar bara. USA
    • Year and Date
      2008-10-09
  • [Presentation] Thermal Current, Spin Current and Charge Current in Strongly Correlated Materials2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      Hvar 2008 Conference on Concepts in Electron Correlation
    • Place of Presentation
      Hvar, Croatia
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-23
  • [Presentation] 強磁性/非磁性体接合におけるスピンホール効果とズピン緩和2008

    • Author(s)
      高橋三郎
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2008年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      岩手大学
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-22
  • [Presentation] 強磁性金属薄膜におけるスピンゼーベック効果の理論2008

    • Author(s)
      家田淳一
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2008年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      岩手大学
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-22
  • [Presentation] 金属から絶縁体への一次相転移を含む系における励起状態の時間発展2008

    • Author(s)
      小椎八重航
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2008年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      岩手大学上田キャンパス
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-21
  • [Presentation] Spin Motive Force and Spin Hall Effect in Magnetic Nanostructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      Asia-Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics
    • Place of Presentation
      Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea
    • Year and Date
      2008-08-25
  • [Presentation] スピン起電力に対する数値解析2008

    • Author(s)
      前川禎通
    • Organizer
      特定領域「スピン流」報告会
    • Place of Presentation
      芝蘭会館稲盛ホール、京都
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-24
  • [Presentation] Spin Hall effect in metals and superconductors2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism (MISM-2008)
    • Place of Presentation
      Moscow, Russia
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-20
  • [Presentation] Ferromagnetic Josephson Resonance2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      WMSMO8 & TICS08
    • Place of Presentation
      The Huisun Forest Sta tion National Chung Hsing Univ. Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-08
  • [Presentation] Spin Current, Spin Hall Effect and Spin Motive Force in Magnetic Nanostructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      Shanghai Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Fudan Univ., Shanghai , China
    • Year and Date
      2008-06-17
  • [Presentation] スピンエレクトロニクスデその基礎と応用の間で2008

    • Author(s)
      前川禎通
    • Organizer
      茅コンファレンス
    • Place of Presentation
      秋葉原コンベンションホール
    • Year and Date
      2008-06-11
  • [Presentation] Theory of thermoelectric and thermomagnetic response in strongly correlated electron systeins2008

    • Author(s)
      Wataru Koshibae
    • Organizer
      E-MRS 2008 Spring Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Congress Center, Strasbourg, France
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-28
  • [Presentation] Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) -Past, Present and Future-2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      東北大学名誉博士称号授与式・ノーベル賞受賞記念講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      東北大学片平さくらホール, 仙台
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-27
  • [Presentation] Electromagnetic Effect of Spin Current2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      spiNor 2008
    • Place of Presentation
      The Norwegian Acade my of Science and Let ters, Oslo, Norway
    • Year and Date
      2008-05-15
  • [Presentation] Quantum Spin Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures2008

    • Author(s)
      S. Maekawa
    • Organizer
      AIST Worlkshop
    • Place of Presentation
      AIST, Tsukuba, Ibarak
    • Year and Date
      2008-04-30
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      http://www.maekawa-lab.imr.tohoku.ac.jp/

URL: 

Published: 2010-06-11   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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