1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

北方林の3次元構造と多様性維持機構の解明

Research Project

Project/Area Number	08406011
Research Institution	Hokkaido University
Principal Investigator	日浦勉北海道大学, 農学部附属演習林, 助手 (70250496)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	青井俊樹北海道大学, 農学部附属演習林, 助教授 (70125277) 大串隆之北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 助教授 (10203746) 甲山隆司北海道大学, 大学院地球環境科学研究科, 教授 (60178233) 東正剛北海道大学, 大学院地球環境科学研究科, 教授 (90133777) 戸田正憲北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (40113592)
Keywords	機能タイプ / 炭素固定速度 / 産卵選好性 / 結実豊凶 / 食物網 / カスケード効果 / 種多様性 / 採餌活性
Research Abstract	1. 成熟した落葉広葉樹林1ヘクタール内のすべての林冠木と亜高木30種にデンドロメータを取り付け、4週間ごとに直径成長の季節変化を追跡した。成長パタンは資源要求の高い高木、要求の高くない高木、亜高木に類別された。 2. 苫小牧の河畔林の林木種多様性・現存量・同回転速度・潜在林冠高のデータを、東アジアのさまざまな森林での同様のデータと比較し、多様性が現存量などの生態系指標の積としてうまく説明できることを見いだした。 3. ヤナギを利用する各種の昆虫の産卵選好性と適応度の関係を比較したところ、食性に関するfunction groupで大きな違いが見られた。このことから、植食性昆虫の資源利用様式の進化と生活史戦略の関係を明らかにするための重要な示唆が得られた。 4. ネズミ類の個体数と気温、積雪などの気候およびミズナラ堅果(ドングリ)の落下量との関係を、9年間のデータから調べた結果、ドングリ落下量とその次年度秋のヒメネズミとヤチネズミの個体数に有意な正の相関が認められた。 5. 魚類、植食性水生昆虫および藻類の三者が基本構成要素となる河川の生物群集を対象に、生物間相互作用と多様性の関係を明らかにするための操作実験を行い以下の結果を得た。(1)魚類の捕食圧は植食性昆虫の採餌活性を低下させ、ギルド内における競争の緩和を通じて多種共存を可能にする。(2)捕食性魚類の存在は、植植性昆虫の分散率を高め、間接的に藻類の資源量の決定因子となる。(3)これら三者間のトロフイックカスケード作用の強度は、系外資源である陸上性昆虫の供給量に依存する。

Research Products

(26 results)

All Other

All Publications (26 results)

[Publications] Ohgushi,T.& Sawada,H.: "What changed the demography of an introduced population of an herbivorous lady beetle?" Journal of Animal Ecology.67. 679-688 (1998)
[Publications] Price,P., Roininen,H.,and Ohgyshi,T.: "Comparative plant-herbivore interactions involving willows and three gall-inducing sawfly species in the genus Pontania (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae)." Ecoscience.(in press).
[Publications] Yamaga,Y.& Ohgushi,T.: "Preference-performance linkage of an herbivorous lady beetle : consequences of variability in natural enemies." Oecologia.(in press).
[Publications] Ishihara,M., Hayashi,T.,& Ohgushi,T.: "Life cycle of the willow leaf beetle,Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in Ishikari (Hokkaido,Japan)." Entomological Science.(in press).
[Publications] Ohgushi,T.: "Bottom-up population regulation of an herbivorous lady beetle : An evolutionary perspective." In Dempster,J.P.& McLean,I.F.G.(eds.),Insect Populations : in Theory and in Practice,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht.367-389 (1998)
[Publications] Katano O., J.Toi, K.Maekawa and K.Iguchi: "Colonization of an artificial stream by fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates." Ecological Research.13(1). 83-96 (1998)
[Publications] Katano,O., K.Maekawa and K.Iguchi: "An experimental study of interaction and feeding behaviour of Ayu and Japanese dace." Fisheries Science.65. 42-47 (1999)
[Publications] Khyoama,T., Suzuki,E., Aiba,S., Seino,T.: "Functional differentiation and positive feedback enhancing plant biodiversity." In Biology of Biodiversity (ed.By M.Kato and Y.Iwasa).Springer Verlag,Tokyo. (in press).
[Publications] Inoue,M.and Nakano,S.: "Effects of woody debris on habitat of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in northern Japanese stream." Freshwater Biology.40. 1-16 (1998)
[Publications] Urabe,H.and S.Nakano: "Contribution od woody debris to trout habitat modification in small streams in secondary deciduous forest,northern Japan." Ecological Research.13. 335-345 (1998)
[Publications] Nakano,S.: "Diet differentiation in polymorphic Brachymystax lenok in streams of southern Prior'e,Russia." Ichthyological Research.46. 100-102 (1999)
[Publications] Miyasaka,H.and S.Nakano: "Sublethal effects of drift and benthic foraging fishes on the drift dispersal of three stream mayflies." Oecologia.118. 99-106 (1999)
[Publications] Nakano,S. N.Kuhara and H.Miyasaka: "Terrestrial-aquatic linkages : riparian arthropod inputs alter trophic cascades in a stream food web." Ecology.(in press).
[Publications] Kuhara,N., S.Nakano and H.Miyasaka: "Interspecific competition between two stream insect grazers mediated by non-feeding predatory fish." Oikos.(in press).
[Publications] Nakano,S., K.D.Fausch and S.Kitano: "Flexible niche partitioning via foraging mode shift : a proposed mechanism for coexistence in stream-dwelling charrs." Journal of Animal Ecology.(in press).
[Publications] Inoue,M.and S.Nakano: "Habitat structure along channel-unit sequences for juvenile salmon : an analysis on in-stream landscapes." Freshwater Biology.(in press).
[Publications] 日浦勉・藤戸永志・石井正・浪花彰彦・菅田定雄・石田清・村上正志・加藤悦史・前野華子・福島行我・酒井武: "北海道大学苫小牧演習林における大面積調査区データにもとづいた落葉樹林の群落構造." 北大演習林研究報告.55. 1-10 (1998)
[Publications] Hiura,T.: "Shoot dynamics and architecture of saplings in Fagus crenata across its geographical range." Trees,Structure and Function.12. 274-280 (1998)
[Publications] Tamura,S.and Hiura,T.: "Proximate factors affecting fruit set and seed mass of Styrax obassia in a masting year." Ecoscience.5. 100-107 (1998)
[Publications] Sato,H.and Hiura,T.: "Estimation of overlapping seed shadows in a northern mixed forest." Forest Ecology and Management.104. 69-76 (1998)
[Publications] 日浦勉・上島信彦・奥田篤志・北條元・石田亘生・奥山悟: "北方針広混交林におけるトドマツ、ミズナラ、イタヤカエデの直径成長におよぼす込み合い効果." 北大演習林研究報告.55. 27-33 (1998)
[Publications] 小池孝良・日浦勉・千葉幸弘: "地球温暖化と森林のCO2固定能の意義." 動力.248. 19-24 (1998)
[Publications] Ishida,K.and Hiura.T.: "Flowering phenology and pollen fertility in an androdioecious tree,Fraxinus lanuginosa." International Journal of Plant Science.159. 941-947 (1998)
[Publications] Fukushima,Y., Hiura,T.and Tanabe,S.: "Accuracy of MacArther-Horn mathod for estimating a foliage profile." Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.92. 203-210 (1998)
[Publications] Takahashi,K., Yoshida,K., Suzuki,M., Seino,T., Tashiro,N., Ishii,T., Sugata,S., Fujito,E., Naniwa,A., Kudo,C., Hiura,T.,and Kohyama,T.: "Stand biomass,net production and canopy structure in a secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest,northern Japan." Research Bulletin of Hokkaido University Forests.56. 70-85 (1999)
[Publications] Kato,E.and Hiura,T.: "Fruit set in Styrax obassia : the effect of light resource,display size,and local floral density." American Journal of Botany.(in press).

1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

北方林の3次元構造と多様性維持機構の解明

Principal Investigator

日浦 勉 北海道大学, 農学部附属演習林, 助手 (70250496)

Research Products

[Publications] Ohgushi,T.& Sawada,H.: "What changed the demography of an introduced population of an herbivorous lady beetle?" Journal of Animal Ecology.67. 679-688 (1998)

[Publications] Price,P., Roininen,H.,and Ohgyshi,T.: "Comparative plant-herbivore interactions involving willows and three gall-inducing sawfly species in the genus Pontania (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae)." Ecoscience.(in press).

[Publications] Yamaga,Y.& Ohgushi,T.: "Preference-performance linkage of an herbivorous lady beetle : consequences of variability in natural enemies." Oecologia.(in press).

[Publications] Ishihara,M., Hayashi,T.,& Ohgushi,T.: "Life cycle of the willow leaf beetle,Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in Ishikari (Hokkaido,Japan)." Entomological Science.(in press).

[Publications] Ohgushi,T.: "Bottom-up population regulation of an herbivorous lady beetle : An evolutionary perspective." In Dempster,J.P.& McLean,I.F.G.(eds.),Insect Populations : in Theory and in Practice,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht.367-389 (1998)

[Publications] Katano O., J.Toi, K.Maekawa and K.Iguchi: "Colonization of an artificial stream by fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates." Ecological Research.13(1). 83-96 (1998)

[Publications] Katano,O., K.Maekawa and K.Iguchi: "An experimental study of interaction and feeding behaviour of Ayu and Japanese dace." Fisheries Science.65. 42-47 (1999)

[Publications] Khyoama,T., Suzuki,E., Aiba,S., Seino,T.: "Functional differentiation and positive feedback enhancing plant biodiversity." In Biology of Biodiversity (ed.By M.Kato and Y.Iwasa).Springer Verlag,Tokyo. (in press).

[Publications] Inoue,M.and Nakano,S.: "Effects of woody debris on habitat of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in northern Japanese stream." Freshwater Biology.40. 1-16 (1998)

[Publications] Urabe,H.and S.Nakano: "Contribution od woody debris to trout habitat modification in small streams in secondary deciduous forest,northern Japan." Ecological Research.13. 335-345 (1998)

[Publications] Nakano,S.: "Diet differentiation in polymorphic Brachymystax lenok in streams of southern Prior'e,Russia." Ichthyological Research.46. 100-102 (1999)

[Publications] Miyasaka,H.and S.Nakano: "Sublethal effects of drift and benthic foraging fishes on the drift dispersal of three stream mayflies." Oecologia.118. 99-106 (1999)

[Publications] Nakano,S. N.Kuhara and H.Miyasaka: "Terrestrial-aquatic linkages : riparian arthropod inputs alter trophic cascades in a stream food web." Ecology.(in press).

[Publications] Kuhara,N., S.Nakano and H.Miyasaka: "Interspecific competition between two stream insect grazers mediated by non-feeding predatory fish." Oikos.(in press).

[Publications] Nakano,S., K.D.Fausch and S.Kitano: "Flexible niche partitioning via foraging mode shift : a proposed mechanism for coexistence in stream-dwelling charrs." Journal of Animal Ecology.(in press).

[Publications] Inoue,M.and S.Nakano: "Habitat structure along channel-unit sequences for juvenile salmon : an analysis on in-stream landscapes." Freshwater Biology.(in press).

[Publications] Hiura,T.: "Shoot dynamics and architecture of saplings in Fagus crenata across its geographical range." Trees,Structure and Function.12. 274-280 (1998)

[Publications] Tamura,S.and Hiura,T.: "Proximate factors affecting fruit set and seed mass of Styrax obassia in a masting year." Ecoscience.5. 100-107 (1998)

[Publications] Sato,H.and Hiura,T.: "Estimation of overlapping seed shadows in a northern mixed forest." Forest Ecology and Management.104. 69-76 (1998)

[Publications] 日浦勉・上島信彦・奥田篤志・北條元・石田亘生・奥山悟: "北方針広混交林におけるトドマツ、ミズナラ、イタヤカエデの直径成長におよぼす込み合い効果." 北大演習林研究報告.55. 27-33 (1998)

[Publications] 小池孝良・日浦勉・千葉幸弘: "地球温暖化と森林のCO2固定能の意義." 動力.248. 19-24 (1998)

[Publications] Ishida,K.and Hiura.T.: "Flowering phenology and pollen fertility in an androdioecious tree,Fraxinus lanuginosa." International Journal of Plant Science.159. 941-947 (1998)

[Publications] Fukushima,Y., Hiura,T.and Tanabe,S.: "Accuracy of MacArther-Horn mathod for estimating a foliage profile." Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.92. 203-210 (1998)

[Publications] Kato,E.and Hiura,T.: "Fruit set in Styrax obassia : the effect of light resource,display size,and local floral density." American Journal of Botany.(in press).

日浦勉北海道大学, 農学部附属演習林, 助手 (70250496)