地球環境撹乱下における生物多様性の保全及び生命情報の維持管理に関する総合的基礎研究

1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 09NP1501
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 川那部 浩哉 京都大学, 名誉教授
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 戸田 正憲 北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (40113592) ; 東 正彦 京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (40183917) ; 石 弘之 東京大学, 大学院・総合文化研究科, 教授 (00282731) ; 渡辺 昭 東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (70023471) ; 浅野 透 京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (00281105)
• Keywords: 生物多様性 / 地球環境 / 生命情報 / 保全 / 生態系 / 人間社会 / 理論 / 実験

Research Abstract

1 野外研究設備の充実
(1) マレーシア国サラワク州のクバ国立公園での100haブロットの整備と野外研究設備(野外ラボなど)の設置
(2) 北大農学部付属苫小牧演習林における樹冠観測システムの整備
2 シンバイオトロン研究
(1) シンバイオトロンのブロトタイプの設計(2000年1月に完成予定)
(2) 生物多様性と生態系機能を探る手法についての研究交流
アメリカのStanford大学(1998年11月)
フランスのENS(1998年12月)
京都でLondon大学およびPrinceton大学の研究者を招へい(1999年3月)
3 共同研究の実施
(1) 野外での生物多様性パターンの検出と研究方法の標準化を急いでいる。
(2) 主要調査地(サラワク州のクバ国立公園、ロシアのバイカル湖など)での共同研究・本絡的調査を開始したらサラワクでは主調査地をランビルからクバに移しつつある。
(3) 生物多様性インベントリー体制の構築
東南アジアの大学、博物館の社会性昆虫研究者のネットワークを作りつつある。
4 DIWPAとの連携
(1) 1997年11月 台湾で国際ワークショップ「西太平洋アジア地域における生物多様性のモニタリングとインベントリー」を開催した。
(2) 1998年11月 生物多様性の研究方法論に関する検討ワークショップを京都で開催した。
(3) 1998年12月 DIVERSITAS-IBOY会議がパリのユネスコで開催された。
我々の提案した生物多様性観測年(BOY)を、DIVERSITASが南北アメリカ、ヨーロッパ-アフリカを含む世界的レベルで展開するための具体的な方策を検討した。
5 研究の成果
(1) 生物多様性の創出:警戒色の進化の機構の解明
(2) 熱帯林の生物多様性:サラワクの熱帯林におけるフタバガキ科植物の一斉開花現象に関連する生物多様性の実証的研究
(3) 水域生態系において、生物間相互作用がバクテリア遺伝子の細胞外への流出を促進する効果の検出
(4) 森林と湖沼を結ぶエコトーンとしての河川の機能の実証的研究
(5) 生物多様性の維持促進に関る共生:ゴキブリとアリの間に見られる新しい共生関係や、シロアリとキノコなどの共生機構の解明
(6) 安定同位体を用いた生物多様性と生態系機能、食物網、共生関係の解明

Research Products

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• [Publications] Ishijima, J., H. Yasui, M. Morishima and T. Shiroishi: "Dominant lethality of the mouse skeletal mutation Tail-short (Ts) is determined by the Ts allele from mating partner." Genomics. 49. 341-350 (1998)
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• [Publications] Munakata, N., M. Ono and S. Watanabe: "Monitoring of solar-UV exposure among school children in five japanese cities using spore dosimeter and UV-coloring labels." Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 89. 235-245 (1998)
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• [Publications] Nakanishi, M., T Sekino, T. Kimoto, R. Tsuda and M. Kumagai: "A Hypothesis on formation of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum observed in Lake Biwa in summer of 1994." Japanese Journal of Limnology. (in press). (1999)
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• [Publications] Nakano, S., S. Kitano, K. Nakai and Fausch, K.D.: "Competitive interactions for foraging microhabitat among exotic brook trout(Salvelinus fontinalis), native bul trout(S. confluentus)and west slope cutthroat(Oncorhynchus clarki lewisl)in a Montana stream." Environmental Biology of fishes. 52. 345-355 (1998)
• [Publications] Inoue, M. and S. Nakano: "Effects woody debris on habitat of juvenila masu salmon(Oncorhynchus masou)in northern Japan stream." Freshwater Biology. 40. 1-16 (1998)
• [Publications] Fauch, K.D. and S. Nakano: "Research on fish ecology in Japan: a brief history and selected review." Environmental Biology of Fishes. 52. 75-95 (1998)
• [Publications] Urabe, H. and S. Nakano: "Contribution of woody debris to trouut habitat modification in small strenams in secondary deciduous forest, notrhern Japan." Ecological Research. 13. 335-345 (1998)
• [Publications] Nakano, S.: "Diet differentiation in Polymorphic Brachymystax lenok instreams of southern Prior'e, Russia." Ichthyological Research. (in press). (1998)
• [Publications] Miyasaka, H. and S. Nakano: "Sublethal effects of drift and benthic foraging fishes on the drift dispersal of three stream mayflies." Oecologia. (in press). (1998)
• [Publications] Nakano, S., N. Kuhara and H. Miyasaka: "Terrestrial-aquatic linkages: riparian arthropod inputs alter trophic cascades in a stream food web." Ecology. (in press). (1998)
• [Publications] Murakami, M.: "Effects of avian preclation on surviral of leaf-rolling oepidopterous larvae." Researches on Population Ecology. (in press). (1998)
• [Publications] Doi, A. and M. Kottelat: "Hemimyson nanensis, a new balitorid fish from the Chao Phraya basin, Thailand." Ichthyological Research. 45. 7-11 (1998)
• [Publications] Takasu, F., M. Shiraishi, K. Kawasaki and N. Shigesada: "Mathematical models for biological invasions -competition for open spaces. In D. Andow, E. Yano and M.Shiomi (eds.)Biological Invasions of Ecosystem by Pests and Beneficial Organisms." Yokendo Puboisher, (1999)
• [Publications] Takasu, F.: "The role of theoretical models explaining the relationships between brood parasite and their hosts. In D. Adams and Slorow, R.(eds.)Proc. Int Ornithol. Congr." Durban, University of Natal., (in pess)
• [Publications] Funayama-Noguchi, S., K. Sonoike and I. Terashima: "Proceeding of Xlth International Congress on Photsynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers, (1998)
• [Publications] Hiroshi Takeda: "Decomposition processes of litter along a latitudinal gradient. In K. Sassa(ed.)Environmental Forest Science. IUFRO(Kyoto, 1998)Vol.54." Kluwer Academic Publishers, 658 (1998)
• [Publications] Xing-jun Tian and H. Takeda: "Decomposition processes of leaf itter in a coniferous forest. In K. Sassa(ed.)Environmental Forest Science. IUFRO(Kyoto, 1998)Vol.54." Kluwer Academic Publishers, 658 (1998)
• [Publications] Nimpha K. Torreta, H. Takeda, and J.-I. Azuma: "Changes in Nitrogen and carbon fractions of the decomposing litters of bamboo. In K. Sassa(ed.)Environmental Forest Science. IUFRO(Kyoto, 1998)Vol.54." Kouwer Academic Publishers, 658 (1998)
• [Publications] Yamashita, T., H. Tobita, and H. Takeda: "Nitrogen dynamics of decomposing Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress litter in plantation forests. In K. Sassa (ed.)Environmental Forest Science. IUFRO(Kyoto, 1998)Vol.54." Kouwer Academic Publishers., 658 (1998)
• [Publications] 井上民二・市野隆雄: "第7章 生物多様性の保全にむけて. In(井上民二・和田英太郎編) 岩波講座「地球環境学」 第5巻 生物多様性とその保全" 岩波書店, (1998)
• [Publications] Ohgushi, T.: "Bottom-up population regulation of an herbivorous lady beetle: An evolutionary perspective. In Dempster, J.P. & McLean, I.F.G.(eds.) Insect Populations: in Theory and in Practice" Chapman&Hall,London, (1998)
• [Publications] 真木寿治: "DNA修復異常と癌 In 野島博(編)細胞周期の新しい展開" 羊土社, (in press)
• [Publications] 川那部浩哉・川端善一郎: "「食う・食われる」生き物たち In 沼田真・河合雅雄・日高敏隆・濱田隆士・松井孝典 (編) 「生命の地球-心の生まれた世界」" 三友出版社、東京, 318 (1998)
• [Publications] 石弘之: "地球環境報告" 岩波書店, 218 (1998)
• [Publications] 佐藤仁: "豊かな森と貧しい人々 : タイ中西部における熱帯林保護と地域住民」 In「岩波講座 開発と文化」第5巻" 岩波書店, (1998)
• [Publications] Hihara, Y. and M. Ikeuchi: "Proceeding of Xlth International Congress on Photosynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers (in press),
• [Publications] Kamei, A., T. Ogawa, and M. Ikeuchi: "Proceeding of Xlth International Congress on Photosynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers (in press),
• [Publications] Sonoike, K.: "Proceeding of Xlth International Congress on Photosynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers (in press),
• [Publications] Funayama-Noguchi, S., K. Sonoike and I. Terashima: "Proceeding of Xlth International Congress on Photosynthesis" Kluwer Academic Publishers (in press),
• [Publications] Nagamasu, H., T. Inoue and Abang A. Hamid: "The canopy biology program in Sarawak. In J. Dransfield, M.J.E. Coode and D.A.Simpson(eds.) Plant Diversity in Malesia" (1997)
• [Publications] Wada, E., Tayasu, I., Koba, K., Matsubara, T., Ogawa, N. O., Yamada, Y., Yoshii, K. and sugimoto, A.: "The Ues of Stable Isotopes for Ecological Studies. In B. Gopal, P.S.Pathak and K.G.Saxena (Eds.) Ecology Today: An Anthology of Contemporary Ecological Research." International Scientific Publications, New Delhi, (1998)
• [Publications] 福井勝義: "『講座人間と環境1 自然はだれのものか : 「コモンズの悲劇」を超えて』" 昭和堂, (1999)
• [Publications] Nakashizuka, T.: "The implication of natural disturbance regimes in forest management. In Proceedings of Brisbane Workshop, BIO-REFOR" (1998)
• [Publications] 西平守孝: "サンゴ礁における多種共存機構 In井上民二・和田英太郎(編)「岩波講座・地球環境学5.生物多様性とその保全」" 岩波書店,東京, (1998)
• [Publications] 西平守孝: "「スツボサンゴ」 In水産庁(編) 日本の希少な野生水生生物に関するデータブック" 日本水産資源保護協会,東京, (1998)